. Electric railway journal . atively small, the subdivision isreadily taken care of in this way. This composite or hybrid design proposes to retain as muchof the reaction blading as may be justified from a construc-tional standpoint. There is a notable difference in efficiencybetween the nozzle and bucket elements used in turbines. The |j 5000 6000 7000 8000 U000 10,000 11,000 12,000 14,000 Kilowatts. EUctric Ry. Journal Comparison of Guarantee and Test Records of ThreeBrooklyn Turbines suited, both in large and small sizes, due to altered distribu-tion of steam and better blade
. Electric railway journal . atively small, the subdivision isreadily taken care of in this way. This composite or hybrid design proposes to retain as muchof the reaction blading as may be justified from a construc-tional standpoint. There is a notable difference in efficiencybetween the nozzle and bucket elements used in turbines. The |j 5000 6000 7000 8000 U000 10,000 11,000 12,000 14,000 Kilowatts. EUctric Ry. Journal Comparison of Guarantee and Test Records of ThreeBrooklyn Turbines suited, both in large and small sizes, due to altered distribu-tion of steam and better blade lengths. In the early machines the cylinders were made with rib andweb reinforcement and with the equalizer passages and tur-bine supports cast integral. Material of different thicknessat certain parts and the varying .temperatures occurring inthe turbine did not encourage uniformity of cylinder expansionnor facilitate the production of the casting. In the new typesthe cylinder cover and base are entirely symmetrical and un-. Spindle of Double-Flow Turbine general results of nozzle and blade experiments indicate thatnozzle efficiencies range from 95 per cent to 98 per cent, whilesingle buckets may vary from 70 per cent to 85 per cent. Re-action turbines have a specially constructed blading formationwhich provides the same results as nozzles, the expansion tak-ing place in both the rotating and stationary elements. In theimpulse type the area of the steam passage through thebuckets is sensibly constant. Reaction blades establish varyingcross-section in precisely the same manner as in nozzle de- March 4, 191 [.] ELECTRIC RAILWAY JOURNAL. 387 signs. Only when these blades are of relatively short lengthsdo they become of uneconomical proportion with respect to theleakage annulus, which appears only in the high-pressurestage, and, therefore, the impulse wheel used in this part ofthe turbine does not detract from the efficiency. Moreover,the use of the impulse section utilizing a hig
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