. Nature and development of plants. Botany. DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS 239 89. Order d. Sphaeriales or Black Fungi.—^This is the largest group of the ascomycetes, over 2,000 species being known in the United States alone. Scarcely a fallen twig or bit of old wood can be examined without revealing the minute ascocarps which. Fig. 147. The stroma of Cordyceps emerging from the pupa of a moth and forming a club-like organ with numerous ascocarps, as, in its apical region. more commonly are hard and black in contradistinction to the Hypocreales (Figs. 148; 151, A). Many of these fungi are quite conspic
. Nature and development of plants. Botany. DEVELOPMENT OF PLANTS 239 89. Order d. Sphaeriales or Black Fungi.—^This is the largest group of the ascomycetes, over 2,000 species being known in the United States alone. Scarcely a fallen twig or bit of old wood can be examined without revealing the minute ascocarps which. Fig. 147. The stroma of Cordyceps emerging from the pupa of a moth and forming a club-like organ with numerous ascocarps, as, in its apical region. more commonly are hard and black in contradistinction to the Hypocreales (Figs. 148; 151, A). Many of these fungi are quite conspicuous since the ascocarps are formed in large compact masses and also because they are often associated with a more or less conspicuous stroma (Figs. 149; 151, D). The majority of the genera are saprophytic upon dead and decaying vegetation, though some of them are destructive parasites. The black knot, Plowrightia, the cause of a serious disease to plum and cherry trees, illustrates very well the characteristics of this order. The mycelium grows in the cambium and cortical regions of the branches, causing the bark to split open in the spring when spore bearing hyphae extend up into the air forming a velvety coating (Fig. 149, c). By the approach of winter, this mycelium has grown into the familiar black knotty mass in which are de- veloped numerous ascocarp-like bodies (Fig. 150). The spores from these ascocarps are carried by the wind in the early spring to other branches and probably infest the budding trees. Other conspicuous forms are Xylaria and DaldiniU, which develop an extensive stroma on stumps and trees that contains numerous ascocarps (Fig. 151). In Hypoxylon, the stroma containing the. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Curtis, Carlton Clarence, 1864-1945. New York, H. Holt
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