Autophagy mechanisms, illustration. Autophagy (autophagocytosis) is the natural mechanism that destroys unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular componen
Autophagy mechanisms, illustration. Autophagy (autophagocytosis) is the natural mechanism that destroys unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components and recycles their materials. This diagram shows a cell, with the membrane marked in yellow-orange. An early stage is the collection of cellular components for degradation (macroautophagy induction) at centre left. Elongation (centre) leads to autophagosome formation (centre right, autophagosome maturation). The autophagosome fuses with a lysosome to form an autolysosome (upper right), within which hydrolytic enzymes degrade the cellular components (top right). Across bottom is a separate process called microautophagy. This illustration also shows the enzymes and other proteins (coloured labels) involved in and recycled during the process. Shown on the membrane are growth factor (upper left), nutrient starvation (upper left) and antigen presentation and recognition (lower left).
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Photo credit: © JOSE ANTONIO PENAS/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Alamy / Afripics
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