. Journal. ells vary in depth from COOor 700 feet to 1600 feet, and each one costs from 30001 As already mentioned, on strikingthe oil sand, the oil is often projected from thwith considerable force into the air, but ifrequires to be raised by a pump. This is of the sun- diameter, and surmounted by a cupola. (See figs. 3and 5). The iron tank ears still convey a considerablequantity of oil to market, not direct froni thewills, but from certain centres to which it isbrought by the pipes. The whole of the work,both of storage an 1 transport, in Pennsylvania,is undertaken by two eon,pani
. Journal. ells vary in depth from COOor 700 feet to 1600 feet, and each one costs from 30001 As already mentioned, on strikingthe oil sand, the oil is often projected from thwith considerable force into the air, but ifrequires to be raised by a pump. This is of the sun- diameter, and surmounted by a cupola. (See figs. 3and 5). The iron tank ears still convey a considerablequantity of oil to market, not direct froni thewills, but from certain centres to which it isbrought by the pipes. The whole of the work,both of storage an 1 transport, in Pennsylvania,is undertaken by two eon,panics, of which the Pipe Lines is by far the larger. Theoil from the priva is run pipes by gravitation into the great storageituated in the nearest yalley. Scores of these,are to be seen in the neighbourhood of Bradford andOlean, and they give a feature to the landscapeeven more remarkable than the derricks 4 gives a view of the pumping station andtanks in the valley at Cblegrove, McKean County. plest description, consisting of a long jointed rod,with a short cylinder at the extremity, provided with avalve opening upwards. As the oil is raised, it ispumped into a wooden tank standing near the the well-owner desires to dispose of the piof his well, he sends for the agent of one of thpanies that undertakes the transfer of the oil fromthe wells to the great storage tanks, or to the refiningcentres. The latter are situated at Cleveland,Buffalo, Oil City, and near New York, the tendencybeing to concentrate the refineries upon the oil then at the well, after being gauged by aStick, is drawn off, and a certificate handed to theproprietor crediting him with the amount run .off,-mall allowance for water and loss. The con-veyance of the crude oil is now a very simple matter,being accomplished almost exclusively by the pipelines. In the earliest days of petroleum the oil wascarried in barrels, but as this was both an inadequateand expensive plan, large
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1880, booksubjectchemist, bookyear1882
