The modern world, from Charlemagne to the present time; with a preliminary survey of ancient times . that thetime had come for England to adopt a policy of that kindand at the same time to secure closer trade relations with her colonies. In 1909and 1910 the Conserva-tive party made theircampaign on this so far they havenot carried their point,there is a growing con-viction in England that free trade principleswill be partly or entirelyabandoned. 737. Gladstone and Dis-raeli. — For some twentyyears after the repeal ofthe Corn Laws Englandsaw little legal reform,aside from the ext
The modern world, from Charlemagne to the present time; with a preliminary survey of ancient times . that thetime had come for England to adopt a policy of that kindand at the same time to secure closer trade relations with her colonies. In 1909and 1910 the Conserva-tive party made theircampaign on this so far they havenot carried their point,there is a growing con-viction in England that free trade principleswill be partly or entirelyabandoned. 737. Gladstone and Dis-raeli. — For some twentyyears after the repeal ofthe Corn Laws Englandsaw little legal reform,aside from the extensionof free trade and of thefactory legislation alreadymentioned. Then, after the Reform Bill of 1867 (§ 725), came Gladstonesreform administration (1868-1874). In 1870 it establishedalongside of the old private and parochial schools, a new systemof public schools, or, as the English call them, Board Schools,almost non-sectarian in character. The private schools weresubsidized by the state, though, at a later date, the burden wasthrown upon the religious denomination to which they Gladstone. §737] GLADSTONE AND DISRAELI 713 At the universities, religious tests were abolished. After thatthe recipients of degrees (unless they are candidates for theAnglican ministry) do not have to su})scribe to the Thirty-nineArticles of the Anglican creed. This opened Oxford andCambridge to Catholic students. Gladstones ministry, more-over, did away with the purchase of office in the army, intro-duced the ballot, gave legal rights to labor unions. It dises-tablished the Anglican Church in Ireland (§ 745). But thesenumerous reforms aroused no small amount of hostility. When,therefore, in 1874, parliament was dissolved the Conservativesunder their brilliant leader Disraeli won by a large majority. Gladstones administration had been chiefly engaged in do-mestic reform. In its foreign relations it was exceedinglypeaceful. Disraeli characterized this as weakness w^hich com-promised
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