Economic entomology for the farmer Economic entomology for the economicentomolo00smit_0 Year: 1896 78 AN ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. than the second, which are folded beneath them. Both wings have numerous longitudinal veins connected by only a few cross- veins, losing the reticulated appearance of the more typical Neu- roptera, and resembling more closely some of the lower moths, for which, indeed, some of the smaller forms may be easily mis- taken. The mouth parts, however, though rudimentary, are mandibulate in type, and there is no approach to the coiled tongue of the Lepidoptera. The a
Economic entomology for the farmer Economic entomology for the economicentomolo00smit_0 Year: 1896 78 AN ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. than the second, which are folded beneath them. Both wings have numerous longitudinal veins connected by only a few cross- veins, losing the reticulated appearance of the more typical Neu- roptera, and resembling more closely some of the lower moths, for which, indeed, some of the smaller forms may be easily mis- taken. The mouth parts, however, though rudimentary, are mandibulate in type, and there is no approach to the coiled tongue of the Lepidoptera. The antennae are very long and slender, resembling hairs rather than jointed organs. The species are found frequently in great numbers along the banks of streams, ponds, or ditches, in which the larval life is passed. The larvae are caterpillar-like, with three pairs of unusu- ally well-developed legs, and live in cases which they make of bits of sticks, moss, leaves, stones, shells, or other material, held together by silken threads with which the entire inside of the habitation is lined. Frequently the cases are roughly and irreg- ularly constructed ; but as often they are marvels of skilled work- manship. Small mon name '' caddice '' or case-flies. Whatever the form of the case, the insect lives in and carries it about everywhere through- out the larval life, crawling about under water by means of the large legs and keeping the soft, white, hind body constantly pro- tected. Some live in ponds or sluggish streams, others in rapid brooks and torrents ; some are vegetarians, some are predatory, feeding on other larvae or even on small fish. Some forms con- FiG. 44. stones are fitted so carefully that no break as large as a needle-point oc- curs, and some- times they mimic shells so closely that conchologists have been deceived into believing them such. In these cases the lai*vae live, and from them they obtain their com- A caddice-fly, Limnophilus vhombicus, its larva, and at a th
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