. Railroad structures and estimates . 4-in. tile drainagefor track work. French or Rock Drains. — For draining an embankment the^ French or rock drains are used to a large extent on the SantaFe. These are simply trenches filled with broken stone, 3 to 4ft. wide, ordinarily at right angles to the track and extending toa depth sufficient to drain the water pocket. Some cases extend entirely through and in other cases onlyfrom about the center to one face of the embankment. Thebottom of the trench is graded sufficient to ensure flow and thedistance they are spaced apart, etc., depends upon the lo
. Railroad structures and estimates . 4-in. tile drainagefor track work. French or Rock Drains. — For draining an embankment the^ French or rock drains are used to a large extent on the SantaFe. These are simply trenches filled with broken stone, 3 to 4ft. wide, ordinarily at right angles to the track and extending toa depth sufficient to drain the water pocket. Some cases extend entirely through and in other cases onlyfrom about the center to one face of the embankment. Thebottom of the trench is graded sufficient to ensure flow and thedistance they are spaced apart, etc., depends upon the locationand character of the pocket to be drained. The rock is usuallyrip-rap or one man stone, and sometimes a longitudinal drainat the foot of the embankment is also inserted into which theblind drains are connected. The cost of rip-rap stone is usually figured at about $ percubic yard in place; where rock is available the cost may be aslow as 50 cents per cubic yard in place. 256 DETAILS OF TILE DIL\IN. a 4 Vit. BellEnd Tile T. Fig. 82. Details of Tile Drain. Surface and Sub-surface Drainage (A. R. E. A.).— 1. Water should be kept off the roadbed if possible. 2. Intercepting ditches should be constructed for the protectionof cuts. 3. Intercepting ditches or pipe drains should be provided forthe protection of banks built on saturated soils. 4. Side ditches should be constructed in cuts through all classesof materials. 5. Pipe drains should be provided for the drainage of wetcuts. TRACK VALUES. 257 EQUATING TRACK determine how the proper standard of maintenance maybest be obtained and at the same time assign equal or equiva-lent duties to all trackmen the following table of equated trackvalues has been suggested by the Roadmasters and Maintenanceof V^ay Association. EQUATED TRACK VALUES FOR PRACTICAL APPLICATION. Class. A. Double track lines -j y^ ( g A. Single track lines < ^^ i g B. Single track lines < ^ { S C. Single track lines I ^ Force, one foreman
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