. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. Kevin J. Zimmer et al. 192 Bull. 2008 128(3) 10 8 6 4 2 0 10 8 6 4 2 0 K _ _ B Httitiiffiitiipi ----- 0 12 3 4 E F "-^^'fMf(f]f^im^*ll- |,4J,,fiU^|44ii444. 4,. N « 4 1 2 1 ^ V 1^ 1 1 1 1 I f i| ; *i , - â t 1 t % r, *v ^ fc ti * 4 \ * i s ! ! i 1 1 ^ f If 1 1 H 1 , . M h llHoii 0 1 2 :JiAiJi''[;Liiii.;jiiii;i[ _ â . ^ ! 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5 Figure 2. Vocalisations of various species of Syndactyla foliage-gleaners, (a) Syndactyla subularis: natural song, Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica (March 1994). (b) Syndactyla
. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. Kevin J. Zimmer et al. 192 Bull. 2008 128(3) 10 8 6 4 2 0 10 8 6 4 2 0 K _ _ B Httitiiffiitiipi ----- 0 12 3 4 E F "-^^'fMf(f]f^im^*ll- |,4J,,fiU^|44ii444. 4,. N « 4 1 2 1 ^ V 1^ 1 1 1 1 I f i| ; *i , - â t 1 t % r, *v ^ fc ti * 4 \ * i s ! ! i 1 1 ^ f If 1 1 H 1 , . M h llHoii 0 1 2 :JiAiJi''[;Liiii.;jiiii;i[ _ â . ^ ! 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5 Figure 2. Vocalisations of various species of Syndactyla foliage-gleaners, (a) Syndactyla subularis: natural song, Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica (March 1994). (b) Syndactyla subularis: single-note call, Cerro de la Muerte, Costa Rica (March 1997). (c) Syndactyla ruficollis: natural song, Abra PorcuUa, dpto. Piura, Peru (24 January 2001). (d) Syndactyla ruficollis: single-note call, Abra Porculla, dpto. Piura, Peru (24 January 2001). (e) Syndactyla rufosuperciliata: natural song, Serra do Caraga, Minas Gerais, Brazil (6 September 2001). (f) Syndactyla rufosuperciliata: single-note call, Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (21 October 1998). (g) Syndactyla dimidiata: responsorial song of male-female duet, Brasilia National Park, Distrito Federal, Brazil (20 August 2002). (h) Syndactyla dimidiata: initiating song of male-female duet, Brasilia National Park, Distrito Federal, Brazil (20 August 2002). (i) Syndactyla dimidiata: call notes, Brasilia National Park, Distrito Federal, Brazil (20 August 2002). (j) Syndactyla dimidiata: rattle call in response to playback, Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil (27 December 1996; A. Whittaker). All recordings by K. J. Zimmer unless otherwise noted. All spectrograms by P. R. Isler. at a rate too fast for the human ear to clearly distinguish individual notes (Zimmer 2002; Figs. 4, 7). The loudsong of A. paraensis is a loud series of 2-17 well-spaced, frequency- modulated notes, each of which has a particularly harsh, grating quality (Zimmer 2002; Fig. 3). The number of notes and the length of songs
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