. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. PLATE L. SMOOTH ALDER 1. •» :i. 4. .'. ti. I . S. •I 10 Winter ». showing (s) catkinH. (p) c-atkins. x 4- A iiiat\irc slaininatc catkin, x A. Matun- i)istillate catklii, x i. BraiKli witli h-avos and fruit x^ KraiHh with mature fruit stroltih-s x *. \ strohih' scale witl. seeds, sliulitly ..|.lar!,'e<l. A winged seed, nlarged. ,,. , i.,ui lenticeU leaf >;<ar wllli InnHlle sears, s'.intil'.^ of wiiiter stalked bnd. lentiM Is, n .n . enlarged. AJ
. Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11. Forests and forestry. PLATE L. SMOOTH ALDER 1. •» :i. 4. .'. ti. I . S. •I 10 Winter ». showing (s) catkinH. (p) c-atkins. x 4- A iiiat\irc slaininatc catkin, x A. Matun- i)istillate catklii, x i. BraiKli witli h-avos and fruit x^ KraiHh with mature fruit stroltih-s x *. \ strohih' scale witl. seeds, sliulitly ..|.lar!,'e<l. A winged seed, nlarged. ,,. , i.,ui lenticeU leaf >;<ar wllli InnHlle sears, s'.intil'.^ of wiiiter stalked bnd. lentiM Is, n .n . enlarged. AJ:;'irt(;:i; ."''nS s. m. pilh. . 127 SMOOTH ALDER Alnus rugosa, (Du Roi) Sprengel &EinrS DESCRIPTION-—The Alders comprise about 25 kno^ii species, of which number about 10 are native to North America and 2 to Pennsylvania. The members of this genus are distributed widely In the northern hemisphere and extend south through Central America and along the Andes Mountains to Bolivia. Most of them are shrubs or small trees, while a few attain a fair tree-size. FORM—^A small shrub usually from 4-10 ft. in height. Sometimes solitary, usually in clumps, often forming thickets which are almost impenetrable, especially in wet locations. BARK—Thin, smooth, fluted, astringent, at first brownish-green, later grayish-green, and often covered with white blotches. TWIGS—Rather slender, at first greenish, later greenish-brown and finally grayish-brown. Often grayish-white towards ends of fruiting twigs. Lenticels numerous, scattered, brownish, roundish or longitudinally-elongated. Pith greenish and irregular or triangular. BUDS—Alternate, evidently stalked, about } of an Inch long; greenish-red, laterally com- pressed, blunt-pointed, apparently covered with two valvate scales wlilch in reality are stipules. Stipular bud-scales are often whitish towards apex and usually slightly sticky. LEAVES—Alternate, simple, obovate, blunt-pointed or rounded at ap
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