. Seaways of the empire; notes on the geography of transport. a is rice, nearlyequal in weight to the wheat from Karachi. We have accounted for nearly three-quarters of theBritish tonnage coming northward to Europe throughthe Canal from the Indian area and find that its destina-tion is the United Kingdom; what of the remainder ?The greater part is bound for Antwerp, Amsterdam,Rotterdam, Hamburg, and the ports of France; in short,the cargoes are destined for western industrial tonnage so used is about equal to that carrying coalto the Indian Ocean, or arriving there in ballast afterc
. Seaways of the empire; notes on the geography of transport. a is rice, nearlyequal in weight to the wheat from Karachi. We have accounted for nearly three-quarters of theBritish tonnage coming northward to Europe throughthe Canal from the Indian area and find that its destina-tion is the United Kingdom; what of the remainder ?The greater part is bound for Antwerp, Amsterdam,Rotterdam, Hamburg, and the ports of France; in short,the cargoes are destined for western industrial tonnage so used is about equal to that carrying coalto the Indian Ocean, or arriving there in ballast aftercarrying coal for part of the journey; so that, from onepoint of view, we may consider that the coal of theUnited Kingdom is employed as outward cargo to cheapenreturn freights on foodstuffs and raw material not merelyfor the United Kingdom, which takes part only of theexported produce of India, but also for the benefit ofContinental Europe. Rotterdam and Antwerp are largelyGerman ports, and much of this return traffic to the Con- INDIA AND THE FAR EAST 69 1. Tonnage Scale Out Home (net tons) INDIAN OCEAN Out Home Cargo Scale(m. tons)FAR EAST Fig. 6.—The Indian Ocean and the Far ships with cargoes, outward and homeward. 70 SEAWAYS OF THE EMPIRE tinent is ultimately for the benefit of Germany, since thatcountry buys largely of Indian jute, cotton, rice, seeds,and hides. We have now analysed briefly the trafhc of the IndianOcean. The remaining branch of the great northwardstream is that from beyond Singapore. What kind ofemployment is offered to these ships ? Of the 75 tonscoming northward through the Canal, only about -65carry cargo for the United Kingdom; the remainderagain for the most part is to be looked for in the portson the other side of the North Sea. The cargo from theFar East to the United Kingdom is of about 7 m. tons, ofwhich half consists of beans, especially the recently intro-duced soya bean from the Manchurian area, largelyshipped from Vladivostok. Hemp
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