. A comprehensive dictionary of the Bible . Rome—the Forum and Modem CaDitoL—From Hakewells Italy.—tFbn.) have been constituted universal bishop by the Em-peror Phocas in 606, but the temporal authority ofthe Pope is usually traced to the action of KingPepin of France, in conferring on Pope Stephen III. the title of Patrician (i. e. chief magistrate) of Romein 751, and in bestowing on him the exarchate of Ra-venna in 756. Yet the Emperor Charlemagne, Pe-pins son, was styled Patrician of the Romans, and ROM ROM 941 exercised imperial authority in Rome, though he isdeclared to have confirmed his
. A comprehensive dictionary of the Bible . Rome—the Forum and Modem CaDitoL—From Hakewells Italy.—tFbn.) have been constituted universal bishop by the Em-peror Phocas in 606, but the temporal authority ofthe Pope is usually traced to the action of KingPepin of France, in conferring on Pope Stephen III. the title of Patrician (i. e. chief magistrate) of Romein 751, and in bestowing on him the exarchate of Ra-venna in 756. Yet the Emperor Charlemagne, Pe-pins son, was styled Patrician of the Romans, and ROM ROM 941 exercised imperial authority in Rome, though he isdeclared to have confirmed his fathers Countess Matilda, it is said, by her will, dated in1102, gave her territories in central and northernItaly to the Pope; but after her decease, the Em- peror Henry V. of Germany took possession of thewhole of her property. About 1200, however, PopeInnocent III. asserted the claims of the Roman seein connection with these donations, and received theallegiance of the magistrates of Rome and a uum-. Ruina of the Palace of the Cesars.— (Conyh. & H. ii. 419.) ber of other Italian towns, and in May, 1278, thelimits of the States of the Church were formallyrecognized and defined by a charter from the Ger-man Emperor Rudolph of Hapsburg. In the four-teenth century the Popes resided for seventy yearsat Avignon, in France. In 1347 Cola di Rienzo orRienzi, at the head of a popular movement, pro-claimed the republic, and was appointed tribune byacclamation ; but the republic lasted only a fewmonths. In 1376 Rome became again the residenceof the Papal court, which with brief intervals (1797-9, 1808-14, 1848-9) has continued there till thepresent time.—Rome is not mentioned in the 0. T.,but in the Apocrypha (1 & 2 Mc.; Roman Empire),and in three books of the N. T. (Acts; Rom.; 2Tim.). The conquests of Pompey seem to havegiven rise to the first settlement of Jews at Jewish King Aristobulus and his son formedpart of Pompeys triumph, and many Jewish cap-
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