A dictionary, practical, theoretical and historical of commerce and commercial navigation . f source of the India rubber of com-merce is the juice of several kinds of siphonia, andespecially the Siphonia elastica of Central andSouth America. The largest quantity of caout-chouc is imported from Para in Brazil. Caoutchouc comes either in large flat pieces, ormoulded on a framework of clay, in the shape of abottle. The latter are formed by concreting suc-cessive layers of fresh juice on a clay mould. Inorder to facilitate the drying of these layers, themass is exposed to smoke, which gives the su
A dictionary, practical, theoretical and historical of commerce and commercial navigation . f source of the India rubber of com-merce is the juice of several kinds of siphonia, andespecially the Siphonia elastica of Central andSouth America. The largest quantity of caout-chouc is imported from Para in Brazil. Caoutchouc comes either in large flat pieces, ormoulded on a framework of clay, in the shape of abottle. The latter are formed by concreting suc-cessive layers of fresh juice on a clay mould. Inorder to facilitate the drying of these layers, themass is exposed to smoke, which gives the sub-stance a black colour. When it is not so treated,the mass is a yellowish white. It is said thatacids, and especially alum, cause a more rapidcoagulation, and that ammonia retards the process. The properties of caoutchouc were first madeknown by Bouguer and La Condamine, who hadbeen sent to Peru, by the Academy of Sciences inParis, in order to measure a meridional arc in 20 a 17 18 20 14- 13 ™ 8 io 12 ji $ . • e ;H\ / — 7 ••• • II K 6 1° fa0 2* ;, v ^ \, \ ROBBEN fitr. London Lon&mjjjzs & Lo CAPERS 1736. The tree producing the substance was firstdescribed by Aublet in 1768. The following are the importations of caout-chouc since 1851:— CAPE-TOWN 265 Year cwts. Year cwts. . - 15,269 1860 - 43,039 1852 - 19 607 1861 - 57, 1853 - - 17,326 1862 - 69,703 1851 . - 27,588 1863 - 65,649 1855 . - 44, 1864 - 71,0;7 1856 . - 28,765 1865 - 71,392 1857 . 22,000 1866 • 72,176 1858 - • 25,135 1S67 - 79,756 1859 - - 21,311 These figures indicate the increase in the use ofthis valuable material. In a report by Messrs. Neumann & Co., andgiven in the Economist in March 1866, theprice of rubber is stated to be 2s. 2hd. per lb., or100 per cent, higher than its price in 1857. CAPERS (Fr. capres; Ger. kappern; Dutch, kap-pers ; Ital. cappari; Span, alcaparras; Russ. ka-perszti ; Lat. capparis). The pickled buds of theCapparis spinosa, a low shrub, generally grow
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