Entomology for beginners; for the use of young folks, fruitgrowers, farmers, and gardeners; . * Vine-dresser, -t^chrysalis in its cocoon; and the moth. (To face page 213.) INSECTS INJURIOUS TO AGRICULTURE. 213 eight to ten inches from its birth-place. It is notoriousthat this borer will kill both old and young living trees. REMEDIES.—In late summer arid autumn the bark should be care-fully examined for the gashes made by the beetle in laying its eggs,and the small grubs cut out of the bark or sap-wood. Young treesshould also be scraped and soaped, and the trunk at base be sur-rounded by
Entomology for beginners; for the use of young folks, fruitgrowers, farmers, and gardeners; . * Vine-dresser, -t^chrysalis in its cocoon; and the moth. (To face page 213.) INSECTS INJURIOUS TO AGRICULTURE. 213 eight to ten inches from its birth-place. It is notoriousthat this borer will kill both old and young living trees. REMEDIES.—In late summer arid autumn the bark should be care-fully examined for the gashes made by the beetle in laying its eggs,and the small grubs cut out of the bark or sap-wood. Young treesshould also be scraped and soaped, and the trunk at base be sur-rounded by tarred paper to prevent the female beetle laying hereggs. The Coddling-moth (Carpocapsa pomoneUa Linn.).—Be-sides the canker-worm and tent-caterpillar, which are locallydestructive, the universal pest of the apple-orchard through-out the United States, from Maine to California, is this in-sect. In the Northern States the moth flies in May, layingits eggs in the calyx after the blossoms fall, and in a few. FIG. 258.—Coddling-moth. a, worm-eaten apple; b, point at which the egg islaid, and at which the young worm entered; d. pupa; e, full-grown worm; /(,its head; /, g, moth; i, cocoon.—After Riley. days the larva hatches, burrowing into the core, when inthree weeks it becomes of full size, being a pale whitishcaterpillar nearly an inch in length. As the result of itswork, the apple prematurely falls to the ground, when theworm deserts it. It then usually creeps up the trunk of 214 ENTOMOLOGY. the tree, spins a cocoon in crevices in the bark, andin a few days a second brood of the moths appears; but mostof the caterpillars hibernate in their cocoons. REMEDIES. — The obvious preventive remedy is to gather the wind-falls each day as soon as they fall and feed them to the hogs, while-fowl should be allowed to run in the orchard. The best directremedy is to bind bands of hay or straw around the tree from Julyto the last of September, replacing them every few days by
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