. Animal Ecology. Animal ecology. I JAN I FEB I MAR | APR | MAY | JUN | JUL | AUG | SEP | OCT | NOV | DEC | FIG. 9-15 Seasonal fluctuations in the bird populations of a the occasional visitors (modified-from Williams 1936). deciduous forest area in Ohio. Transients include robins and Such game animals as the gray squirrel, black and grizzly bears, moose, the fur-bearing marten, and the ruiTed grouse and wild turkey belong primarily to the forest proper, although they often feed in the forest- edge, or brushland, and openings scattered through the forest. Populations of these species may be mai
. Animal Ecology. Animal ecology. I JAN I FEB I MAR | APR | MAY | JUN | JUL | AUG | SEP | OCT | NOV | DEC | FIG. 9-15 Seasonal fluctuations in the bird populations of a the occasional visitors (modified-from Williams 1936). deciduous forest area in Ohio. Transients include robins and Such game animals as the gray squirrel, black and grizzly bears, moose, the fur-bearing marten, and the ruiTed grouse and wild turkey belong primarily to the forest proper, although they often feed in the forest- edge, or brushland, and openings scattered through the forest. Populations of these species may be main- tained simply by preserving large tracts of virgin or dense forests. Most game animals of interest to the ordinary sportsman, however, belong to the forest-edge. These species are the cottontail, fox squirrel, deer, bobwhite, pheasant, and dove. Increase in populations of these species requires interspersing the forest with open areas, development of shrubby forest margins, or cre- ation of artificial cover along fence rows, uncultivated field corners, around ponds, along drainage ditches or streams, on steep slopes subject to erosion, and on waste lands (Trippensee 1948). Intelligent manage- ment may involve control of plant succession to pre- vent its proceeding to a normal closed forest, and harvesting the forest for timber and game. Proce- dures for managing timber on a sustained yield basis are fundamentally the same as for managing popula- tions of game animals on a permanent basis. Soil TABLE 9-11 Average densiti of total breeding-bird popul. in forests and forest-edges of different types in eastern North America (compiled fr< Fawver 1950). Type of vegetation Number of areas Number of censused species Number of territorial males per 40 hectares (100 acres) Spruce-fir (coniferous) forest 5 30 311 Mixed coniferous forest 6 33 207 Mixed hemlock - deciduous forest 5 28 224 Beech-maple-hemlock forest 5 31 190 Mixed deciduous forest 17 26 255 Deciduous floodplain forest
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookcollectionbiodive, booksubjectanimalecology
