. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. Washington, D. C. T January 26,1925 FUMIGATION AGAINST GRAIN WEEVILS WITH VARIOUS VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS By Ira E. Neifert, F. C. Cook,1 R. C. Roark, and W. H. Tonkin, Insecticide and Fungicide Laboratory, Miscellaneous Division, Bureau of Chemistry, and E. A. Back and R. T. Cotton, Bureau of Entomology2 Purpose of investigation 1 Experimental procedure 2 Effect of volatile organic compounds on weevils 3 Relation between volatility and toxicity of fumigants 19 Effect of fumigation on weevils in the presence of grai
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. Washington, D. C. T January 26,1925 FUMIGATION AGAINST GRAIN WEEVILS WITH VARIOUS VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS By Ira E. Neifert, F. C. Cook,1 R. C. Roark, and W. H. Tonkin, Insecticide and Fungicide Laboratory, Miscellaneous Division, Bureau of Chemistry, and E. A. Back and R. T. Cotton, Bureau of Entomology2 Purpose of investigation 1 Experimental procedure 2 Effect of volatile organic compounds on weevils 3 Relation between volatility and toxicity of fumigants 19 Effect of fumigation on weevils in the presence of grain 24 Eire hazard from fumigation 28 CONTENTS Page Effect of fumigation on milled and baked 34 Additional fumigation tests with ethylacetate and carbon tetrachloride 35 Effect of ethyl acetate-carbon tetrachloride fumigation on germination of seeds 38 Summary 38 Literature cited 39 PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION Weevils destroy many million dollars' worth of wheat and other grains annually. Carbon disulphide is extensively used as a fumigant against these insects, but, although efficacious, it has serious disad- vantages. It has an extremely disagreeable odor and in moderate concentrations its vapor is poisonous to man. Although carbon disulphide is volatile, millers occasionally complain that wheat which has been treated with it retains its odor, and it has been shown that the baking quality of flour from carbon disulphide fumigated wheat is sometimes injured (8).H The really serious objection to the U3e of carbon disulphide as a fumigant, however, arises from the fact that it is readily inflammable and that its vapor when mixed with air is highly explosive. For this reason fire insurance companies refuse to carry the fire risk on elevators during the time carbon disulphide is being used to treat the grain contained in them. Even more important is the action taken by the General Managers' Association of Chicago, representing the leading railway systems of the United State
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