. The railroad and engineering journal . hed, the rise became againsudden, as shown in the diagram. 2. In the falling stage the converse is the case. Thereasons why the river resumed its ordinary state in a com-paratively small number of days are ; (a) Previous to theflood there was not long rain ; (h) large quantities of rainfell not at the source of the river, but rather below, and(c) the direction of the wind was along the stream. When the flood occurred the temporary railroad bridgewas being built, the piles being of matsu (pine) from32 to 40 ft. in length and i ft. diameter at the butt en
. The railroad and engineering journal . hed, the rise became againsudden, as shown in the diagram. 2. In the falling stage the converse is the case. Thereasons why the river resumed its ordinary state in a com-paratively small number of days are ; (a) Previous to theflood there was not long rain ; (h) large quantities of rainfell not at the source of the river, but rather below, and(c) the direction of the wind was along the stream. When the flood occurred the temporary railroad bridgewas being built, the piles being of matsu (pine) from32 to 40 ft. in length and i ft. diameter at the butt end ;these were driven in about half length by a pile-driver, theram weighing about 850 lbs., and the last penetration rang-ing from OJ to 6 in. In addition to these piles, materials. count of the narrow, tortuous course of the river as ob-structed by the gigantic temple of Zenkoji. The obstruc-tion of the temple mound caused eddies of water, whichstruck upon the bank a short distance below, and the re- Fi^. v5. Flan. 0/ JlrakQWQ /f/ iver. K</(^ 10 s o muuMu— 10 VI 3o va So Cliaivs, suit was that the shore was scoured off. These facts bringinto prominence the following particulars regarding theconstruction of a bridge : 1. No permanent obstruction, such as the piers of abridge, should be built in the narrow, tortuous part of ariver. 2. A pier should be sufficiently removed from a bank to 494 THE RAILROAD AND [November, 1888. allow of the latter receiving only hydrostatical pressure asmuch as possible. Besides the temporary railroad bridge, there are tworoad bridges of fragile construction, one about three milesabove and the other about nine rniles below the temporarybridge. The former is known as the Toda bridge in Naka-sendo, and the latter as Obashi bridge in Sen]i. Thesestructures are nothing more than wooden bridges of theusual Japanese type. Unlike the temporary bridge, theywere not damaged, though the passage over the Nakasendowas suspended for a day. The reason was th
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