. On the anomalies of accommodation and refraction of the eye, witha preliminary essay on physiological dioptrics. ionfirst occur, as the effect of Calabar. The spasm of accommodationstill continues, when the action of the atropia on the iris gains theupper hand, and the pupil consequently becomes wider. Von Graefein particular has investigated how, when employed consecutively tothe action of atropia, that of Calabar may become intercalated. Heshowed that in weak action of atropia, and in the period of dimi-nution of its strong action, Calabar is capable of temporarily con-stricting the pupil
. On the anomalies of accommodation and refraction of the eye, witha preliminary essay on physiological dioptrics. ionfirst occur, as the effect of Calabar. The spasm of accommodationstill continues, when the action of the atropia on the iris gains theupper hand, and the pupil consequently becomes wider. Von Graefein particular has investigated how, when employed consecutively tothe action of atropia, that of Calabar may become intercalated. Heshowed that in weak action of atropia, and in the period of dimi-nution of its strong action, Calabar is capable of temporarily con-stricting the pupil and increasing the refraction, and that after thegiving way of these phenomena, the more tedious atropia-processagain follows its regular course. We were particularly desirousto ascertain whether, with absolute atropia-paralysis of the sphincterand of the muscles of accommodation, a powerful employment ofCalabar still has influence; and this, in fact, we most distinctlyfound to be the case, observing, moreover, that this influence wasstill greater upon the refraction and accommodation, than upon the Fig. diameter of the pupil. Fig. 174, an observation on the eye of Mr. ANTAGONISM OF ATROPIA AND CALABAR. 619 Miiller, surgeon in the navy, furnishes an example of this : accord-ing to the cross, on the absciss a a, 137 minutes after the applica-tion of atropia, while p and r coincided and the mydriasis hadattained its maximum, Calabar was dropped in,—and ten minuteslater the refraction ascends (rr), accommodation is again present{pp), and at the same time the diameter of the pupil is a littlediminished. In a second, likewise very practised observer ( Leent, surgeon in the navy), the effect of Calabar was on thefirst day, and particularly on the second day, after the renewedapplication of atropia, much stronger still. Notwithstanding thatthe pupil contracted only slightly, he could each time, after somerest, read for a few moments No. 1^ of Snellens test-types at 12;an
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