. Field and woodland plants. lasping the stem, withpointed auricles. The flower-heads are of a bright bluecolour, large and conspicuous,mostly in sessile clusters oftwo or three along the rigid,S2)reading branches, but a feware terminal. The involucreconsists of about eight innerbracts, and a whorl of outerones that are much florets are large; and thefruits are smooth, or nearly so, and closely cnvelojied in the low erpart of the involucre. The time of flowering is from July toOctober. Our next species is the Burdock {Arctium Lappa), famihar as awayside plant not only on account of
. Field and woodland plants. lasping the stem, withpointed auricles. The flower-heads are of a bright bluecolour, large and conspicuous,mostly in sessile clusters oftwo or three along the rigid,S2)reading branches, but a feware terminal. The involucreconsists of about eight innerbracts, and a whorl of outerones that are much florets are large; and thefruits are smooth, or nearly so, and closely cnvelojied in the low erpart of the involucre. The time of flowering is from July toOctober. Our next species is the Burdock {Arctium Lappa), famihar as awayside plant not only on account of its abimdancc and its largesize, but also on account of its globular flower-heads which clingso tenaciously to our clothing by means of the hooked points of theinner involucre bracts. It is a very stout, branching plant, varyingfrom two to six feet in heiglit, with very large, stalked, cordatelower leaves that often exceed a foot in length. The uj)i)er leavesare smaller, and broadly ovate ; and both these and the lower ones. TUE NnPLEWORT. WASTES AND WAYSIDES IN SUMMER 183 are smooth or nearly so on the npper surface, but often coveredwith a short wliite down beneath. All the leaves are also finelytoothed, but bear no prickles. The flower-heads are in terminalpairicles, and are surrounded by many bracts which are either quitesmooth or covered with a white, woolly down. The florets arepurple, and all equal in size. The fruits are large, and bear a shortpappus of stiff haiis. We now come to the in-teresting grou25 of Thistles, alldistinguished by their very hardstems ; their cut or toothedleaves, which are generally veryprickly ; and their Iound oroval heads of flowers, sur-rounded by many whorls ofoverlapping, and usuallyprickly, bracts. There are noray florets, but all are tubularand approximately equal inlength. Our first example is theWelted Thistle {Carduus crispusor Carduus acanthoides), whichis a common plant in theSouth of England, but muchless abundant in the North. Ing
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