. Special pathology and therapeutics of the diseases of domestic animals. Veterinary medicine. Avian Tuberculosis. 609 (Zuern found tuberculosis in 10% of deaths in these animals). Among water fowls the disease, though generally much less prevalent, also appears as an enzootic (Huss). Birds kept in captivity are also affected (M. Koch and Eabinowitsch found 118 tuberculous subjects among 459 birds that died in the Zoological Garden in Berlin"). Etiology. The bacillus tuberculosis avium obtained from tissues is usually shorter and stains more evenly than the bacillus of mammalian tuberculo
. Special pathology and therapeutics of the diseases of domestic animals. Veterinary medicine. Avian Tuberculosis. 609 (Zuern found tuberculosis in 10% of deaths in these animals). Among water fowls the disease, though generally much less prevalent, also appears as an enzootic (Huss). Birds kept in captivity are also affected (M. Koch and Eabinowitsch found 118 tuberculous subjects among 459 birds that died in the Zoological Garden in Berlin"). Etiology. The bacillus tuberculosis avium obtained from tissues is usually shorter and stains more evenly than the bacillus of mammalian tuberculosis, but otherwise agrees with the latter in staining characteristics (see Fig. 95). Cultivation. On glycerin blood serum the bacillus thrives much better than the mammalian variety, glassy, transparent, roundish colonies being visible on the surface of the nutrient medium as early as the 8th and sometimes even the 5th day. Later they become confluent and form a grayish-white or yellowish-red, moist, slimy, stringy, smeary scum that is easily emtilsified in water. The bacillus thrives best be- tween 30° and 40° C, but will grow also at 25° and at 45° C. In cultures grown at a high temperature we find eside from short rods also longer forms that stain uniformly or exhibit a granular appearance, some of them thick and club-shaped or even branched (Maffucci). On potatoes they form a grayish-white, blackish or reddish, moist, smeary, crumpled layer (Matzuschita; see Plate II); in glycerin bouillon granules develop on the floor and wall of the vessel while only some of the strains form a dry wrinkled membrane on the surface of the liquid ("Weber & Boflnger). On some media, , glycerin chicken bouillon, egg yolk, etc., occasionally also on ordinary media, the _ ^ cultures of some strains present an appear- //Mi ' .'^ fTrSlkkf. X £\ ance similar to that of mammalian tubercle bacilli. Not all tubercle bacilli obtained from birds will show the above culture characterist
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