Morphology of the barley grain with reference to its enzym-secreting areas . absorp-tion. The object ofmalting is, therefore, Fig. 4.—Two grains of aBohemian barley; a broadly oval-shaped grain to subject all partswell adapted to malting with little loss. Qf ^e endosperm to the initial effects of enzyms with as little loss as possible. The idealcondition would be a simultaneous attack upon every cell wall andevery grain of starch. This is impossible with the source of theaction localized at one extremity of the grain. However, the coordi-nation of the scutellum with the endosperm has a marked
Morphology of the barley grain with reference to its enzym-secreting areas . absorp-tion. The object ofmalting is, therefore, Fig. 4.—Two grains of aBohemian barley; a broadly oval-shaped grain to subject all partswell adapted to malting with little loss. Qf ^e endosperm to the initial effects of enzyms with as little loss as possible. The idealcondition would be a simultaneous attack upon every cell wall andevery grain of starch. This is impossible with the source of theaction localized at one extremity of the grain. However, the coordi-nation of the scutellum with the endosperm has a marked effect. The shape of the gram with reference to the size and shape of theassociated embryo has in more than one variety been the decidingfactor between a good and a poor malting barley. If the great massof the starch be near the embryo, as in the short, thick grain shownin figure 4, the disintegration of the endosperm is readily and uni-formly accomplished, but if it be distant, as in long, slender grains,the complete modification of the endosperm mass can not be accom-. MOHlHOLOC Y OF Til K l»\l! CHAIN. 23 plished without groat loss. That is, the more nearly a grain ap-proaches a sphere in shape, the less need be the loss in malting; andthe greater the ratio of the longer axis of the grain to the shorter themore difficult becomes the malting. In extreme types, such as theChinese barley shown in figure 5, efficient malting is impossible. Ifthe process is stopped in a reasonable time, there remains an unaffectedportion at the distal extremity, whereas if germination is continueduntil this portion becomes softened, the entire proximal end will havebeen utilized by the plant. The 2-rowed barleys from Smyrna areless marked examples of the same defect. They are almost ideal incharacter, consideredfrom the standpoint ofhigh extract alone, ex-cept for their unfortu-nately long grain. Theshape of the grain makesthis barley difficult tomalt, and the extract isprobably measurablyl
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookpublisherwashi, bookyear1915
