. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. Social Biology of Mischocyttarus drewseni • Jeanne 101 Workers Non workers. 78 Age (Days) Figure 7. Rate of submission versus age. The ordinate gives the average number of times a wasp of a given age was don noted per hour of observation. Data pooled from three colonies (174, 268, 342). declined rapidly until about the tenth day. For the next ten days it deelined more As a worker aged, she became markedly less submissive to domination; rather than going into submissive posture she usualK' merely lowered the head sligh
. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Zoology. Social Biology of Mischocyttarus drewseni • Jeanne 101 Workers Non workers. 78 Age (Days) Figure 7. Rate of submission versus age. The ordinate gives the average number of times a wasp of a given age was don noted per hour of observation. Data pooled from three colonies (174, 268, 342). declined rapidly until about the tenth day. For the next ten days it deelined more As a worker aged, she became markedly less submissive to domination; rather than going into submissive posture she usualK' merely lowered the head slightly until the dominant wasp stopped its attack, then she immediateh' resumed whatever task she was doing when the domination began. A similar pattern was followed b\- nonwork- ers, except that they underwent a high average rate of domination for as long as the>' remained on the nest (Fig. 7). The concentration of the amount of domination received in one part of the life span indicates that dominance behavior is not directed indiscriminately at any nest- mate, but that some condition or character- istic of the subordinate perceptible to the dominating wasp both releases the domi- nant beha\ior and causes it to be directed at the subordinate. This supports Pardi's (1947) hypothesis that a wasp recognizes certain characteristics of individuals that reflect their social rank relative to itself. Pardi suggested that odor differences (pos- sibly based on sHght differences in amount or kind of food received) may provide the cues, or that signals may be subtle differ- ences in demeanor, perceived visually by the dominating wasp. Pardi appeared to favor olfactory discrimination, at least in part because it complements his idea that the existence of the dominance hierarchy confers a trophic adxantage on high-rank- ing members of the colony. There is as yet no way of distinguishing between these hypotheses; indeed, odor and behavior may both be involved. W^hatever the characteristics
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