. Cassell's popular gardening. Gardening. GEOUXD OPERATIOXS. 13 porated with the soil : whereas a full half of maiden surface soil added to that on the spot, will gene- rally he found of the greatest ser\ice, and render it far more valuable for all horticultural purposes. But the subject of deepening will recur under the head of " Trenching," and the chief point here is to insist on the necessity of so levelling the subsoil, either by bodily removal or incorporation with that on the spot, that the surface soil should cover it everj^where to the same depth. Those most conversant with
. Cassell's popular gardening. Gardening. GEOUXD OPERATIOXS. 13 porated with the soil : whereas a full half of maiden surface soil added to that on the spot, will gene- rally he found of the greatest ser\ice, and render it far more valuable for all horticultural purposes. But the subject of deepening will recur under the head of " Trenching," and the chief point here is to insist on the necessity of so levelling the subsoil, either by bodily removal or incorporation with that on the spot, that the surface soil should cover it everj^where to the same depth. Those most conversant with the economical performance of ground opera- tions will see that this levelling process should com- bine the merits and advantages of trenching, digging, and manuring as well. After levelling the subsoil it should be loosened to a further depth of six inches or a foot with a pick or spade, a layer of manm-e spread over it before the layer of surface soil, and more added during the process of filling up with the mixture of the different earths. But not a few level first, and it is for these chiefiy that the advice is so often repeated to level soil and subsoil abreast at one operation and the same time. Simple Modes of Levelling.—Levelling on a large scale is an important bi^anch of ci^•il engineer- ing, and requires a theodohte. and other expensive in- struments and appliances. It is not such ascertaining or alteration of levels, on a large scale, that is re- ferred to here, but rather of inequalities of surface or of fall over a few acres at the most. The majority of gardens are either on a dead flat or an e^-en fall, and so far as the kitchen garden is concerned it is desir- able that they should be so. Most fields, on the other hand, before being taken in for gardens, are more or less uneven, and as a rule it is not desii'able to perpetuate these inequalities, and hence the importance of having some simj)le means of removing them. So many words, figui^es, and diagrams hav
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade18, booksubjectgardening, bookyear1884
