. Ants; their structure, development and behavior. s 9 /Tfl—, --m FIG. 44. Anatomy of ant larva.(Perez.) b, Brain ; >i, ventral nervecord ; o, oesophagus ; p, proventriculus ;s, midgut (stomach) ; v, mass of sub-stance to be excreted; r, rectum; m,Malpighian vessel; g, spinning gland;d. duct of same opening on labium ;h, heart. the nude pupae of a Dolichoderineant (Iridomyrmex gciuitzi) in the Baltic amber (Lower Oligocene),so that the complete elimination of the cocoon, in this subfamily at THE DEVELOPMENT Ol: ANTS. 79 least, is not a very recent development. The shape and color ofthe coco


. Ants; their structure, development and behavior. s 9 /Tfl—, --m FIG. 44. Anatomy of ant larva.(Perez.) b, Brain ; >i, ventral nervecord ; o, oesophagus ; p, proventriculus ;s, midgut (stomach) ; v, mass of sub-stance to be excreted; r, rectum; m,Malpighian vessel; g, spinning gland;d. duct of same opening on labium ;h, heart. the nude pupae of a Dolichoderineant (Iridomyrmex gciuitzi) in the Baltic amber (Lower Oligocene),so that the complete elimination of the cocoon, in this subfamily at THE DEVELOPMENT Ol: ANTS. 79 least, is not a very recent development. The shape and color ofthe cocoon differ considerably in different species. In Lepto</cnys,for example, it is very long and slender and of a dark-brown color,in Lasins and Formica it is a pale buff or whitish and broadly elliptical,in Ioucra pennsylvanica it is oblong and sulphur FIG. 45. Caniponotus americanus X 2. (Photograph by J. G. Hubbard and S. Strong.) a, Kps : b. youni> ; c. older : </, worker cocoons; e, femalecocoon : /. worker major pupa removed from cocoon : g, worker media in the actof hatching; /;, major workers; i, minor workers; k, virgin female; /, males. Little attention has been paid to the coloration of the callows ascompared with the mature ants. In certain species, when the latter are black, the callows are drab or yellowish (Ionnica snbscrlcca),while in others they ma\ be orange or deep red (Platythytea pnnctutd ).The callows of bright red ants are often sulphur yellow or orange( Iolycri/ns. Pogonomyrmex, Mynnica inntica), while in the , like our North American Lasius of the stibgenus Acautho-invops, the eallou s are sordid white or drab (Fig. 46, u).


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Keywords: ., bo, bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectants, bookyear1910