. The principles of mill and factory inspection for fire insurance purposes : with notes on the hydraulics of automatic sprinkler protection . thediameter of the orifice of an automatic sprinkler, or .7854square inches. Private Fire Brigades.—Private fire brigades or-ganized among the workmen of a manufacturing plant,department store, shipping terminal, etc., drilled in theuse of private fire appliances, such as hose streams frominterior standpipes, yard hydrants, etc., are invaluable forhelping automatic sprinklers do their work, by backingthem up with hose streams judiciously used. These bri
. The principles of mill and factory inspection for fire insurance purposes : with notes on the hydraulics of automatic sprinkler protection . thediameter of the orifice of an automatic sprinkler, or .7854square inches. Private Fire Brigades.—Private fire brigades or-ganized among the workmen of a manufacturing plant,department store, shipping terminal, etc., drilled in theuse of private fire appliances, such as hose streams frominterior standpipes, yard hydrants, etc., are invaluable forhelping automatic sprinklers do their work, by backingthem up with hose streams judiciously used. These bri-gades are usually always available and can be called intoaction by the sounding of an alarm on an interior electricsj^stem, by the blowing of a whistle, etc. Pumps.—Four kinds of pumps are used for furnish-ing a supply of water under pressure to automatic sprink-ler equipments : (1) Duplex piston pump, driven by steam;(2) rotary pump, driven by water wheels; (3) triplexpower pump, driven by gas engines or by electric motors;(4) centrifugal pumps, driven by electric motors. Thefirst three types have been in use for a long time, th^. 80 MILL AND FACTORY INSPECTION fourth (centrifugal type) is still being developed, but itspossibilities as a reliable water supply for fighting firesare recognized by fire protection engineers, especially itslarge capacity. A pump to be acceptable as a water sup-ply for automatic sprinkler equipments (and for privateyard hydrant systems) must be of special design and havea capacity of not less than 500 gallons per minute. Theregular sizes are, (1) 500 gallons per minute pumpingcapacity; (2) 750 gallons per minute pumping capacity;(3) 1,000 gallons per minute pumping capacity; and (4)1,500 gallons per minute pumping capacity. Steam, ro-tary and centrifugal pumps have been standardized andcopies of specifications may be obtained from the NationalBoard of Fire Underwriters, New York. Besides beingof proper design and capacity, the value of a pump f
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