. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history; Sciences naturelles. 322 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 121 jAlopex NEA1 1/*' "'^'â Alopex_ICE2 Alopex_NEA2 Alopex_ICE1 Alopex_GRE4 Alopex_GRE5 Alopex_HOL3 Alopex_HOL8 Alopex_HOL5 footprint Alopex_HOL6 AlopexâNEA3 Alopex_SIB1 Alopex_SIB2 Alopex_SIB4 Alopex_CAN1 Alopex_CAN2 Alopex_CAN3 Alopex_CAN4 Alopex CANS Aiopex_HdL1 Alopex_HOL2 â Alopex^HOL4 Alopex_GRE1 Alqpex_GRE2 Aiopex_HC)L7 Alopex_HOL9 Alopex GRE3 Alopex_CAN6 'Alopex_SIB3 ⢠AF338798_Vulpes AF338795_Vulpes AF338794_Vulpes AF338792_Vulpes AF338791_Vulpes AF338801_Vulpes AF338800
. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history; Sciences naturelles. 322 The Canadian Field-Naturalist Vol. 121 jAlopex NEA1 1/*' "'^'â Alopex_ICE2 Alopex_NEA2 Alopex_ICE1 Alopex_GRE4 Alopex_GRE5 Alopex_HOL3 Alopex_HOL8 Alopex_HOL5 footprint Alopex_HOL6 AlopexâNEA3 Alopex_SIB1 Alopex_SIB2 Alopex_SIB4 Alopex_CAN1 Alopex_CAN2 Alopex_CAN3 Alopex_CAN4 Alopex CANS Aiopex_HdL1 Alopex_HOL2 â Alopex^HOL4 Alopex_GRE1 Alqpex_GRE2 Aiopex_HC)L7 Alopex_HOL9 Alopex GRE3 Alopex_CAN6 'Alopex_SIB3 ⢠AF338798_Vulpes AF338795_Vulpes AF338794_Vulpes AF338792_Vulpes AF338791_Vulpes AF338801_Vulpes AF338800_Vulpes AF338799_Vulpes AF338796_Vulpes. Figure 1. (A) Maximum liklihood tree describing thie relationships between mitochondrial DNA sequences from Arctic Foxes, Red Foxes, and that recovered from the footprint in central Sweden. Details of the phylogenetic analysis and statistical support are given in the text. (B) Map showing the Holarctic distribution of the two species of fox. Lighter and dark grey shading indicates the distribution of the Red Fox and Arctic Fox, respectively, and black shading indi- cates where the two ranges overlap. The line indicates the location in Sweden from which the footprints were recov- ered. facility in Madrid, Spain. The samples were concen- trated using 15 ml Amicon filters (Millipore Massa- chusetts, USA) and extracted from the resulting fil- trate following the protocol by Yang et al. (1998), as modified by Svensson et al. (2007). An approximately 150 base pair (bp) fragment of the mitochondrial con- trol region was amplified using primers Pex3F and H3R (Dalen et al. 2007). Resulting PCR products were sequenced using the Big Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit (Applied Biosystems, Califor- nia, USA) and analysed on an Applied Biosystems 3730x1 sequencer following the manufacturer's instructions. Previously published Arctic Fox (Alopex lagopus) and Red Fox [Vulpes vulpes) mitochondrial DNA sequences covering the length of the 150-b
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