. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 254 D. L. DISTEL AND ROBERTS 1973). Both termites (Kane, 1997) and shipworms (Wa- terbury el a/.. 1983) utilize cellulolytic and nitrogen-fix- ing symbionts to survive on wood as the sole food source. In this report we present evidence that bacterial endo- symbionts are present in the gill tissue of two species of Xvloplmga, and that these bacteria appear morphologi- cally similar to the gill endosymbionts previously identi- fied in shipworms. Materials and Methods Specimens of A', washingtona were collected in pine boa
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 254 D. L. DISTEL AND ROBERTS 1973). Both termites (Kane, 1997) and shipworms (Wa- terbury el a/.. 1983) utilize cellulolytic and nitrogen-fix- ing symbionts to survive on wood as the sole food source. In this report we present evidence that bacterial endo- symbionts are present in the gill tissue of two species of Xvloplmga, and that these bacteria appear morphologi- cally similar to the gill endosymbionts previously identi- fied in shipworms. Materials and Methods Specimens of A', washingtona were collected in pine boards submerged for 2-3 months in Monterey Bay (depth 61 m, coordinates 36°'N. 121°'W; courtesy of Dr. E. C. Haderlie, Naval Postgraduate School) or in Scripps canyon off the San Diego coast (depth 274 m, coordinates 32°31' N, 117° ' W). Spec- imens of A', atlantica were collected from oak boards (1" X 2" X 2' lobster-trap skids) submerged for about 1 year at 80-100 m depth 12 miles off the coast of SW Harbor, Maine. Animals were kept alive in chilled seawater tanks until they were removed from the wood and prepared for microscopy (less than 2 weeks). Animals with an average valve diameter of 3-4 mm were dissected and fixed for 1 - h in 3% glutaraldehyde buffered with M caco- dylate/HCl (pH ) and M NaCl or 3% glutaralde- hyde buffered with M sodium phosphate (pH ), 3% NaCl. and sucrose as in Eckelbarger et al. (1990). After fixation the specimens were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide and dehydrated through a graded ethanol series. Specimens for transmission electron mi- croscopy (TEM) were then transferred to propylene ox- ide and embedded in Epon/Araldite for sectioning. Spec- imens for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were fractured under liquid nitrogen after ethanol dehydra- tion and then were critical-point dried from CO: and sputter coated with gold. A Phillips CM 10 transmission electron microscope and an AMR 1000 sc
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Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
