. Bell telephone magazine . Hard-headed men who have made their perilous ascents to leadership naturally possess unbounded faith in those structures and systems to which they owe their success. How difficult it must be for them to entertain heresies! Without profitsa business fails, butmerely having them doesnot make it a successin the eyes of increasinglypowerful results,achieved in supportof—at least withoutharm to—other objectivesof society, are a farsterner test andone which dominatesthe minds ofbusiness aspects: its theory, doctrine, orphilosophy; its st
. Bell telephone magazine . Hard-headed men who have made their perilous ascents to leadership naturally possess unbounded faith in those structures and systems to which they owe their success. How difficult it must be for them to entertain heresies! Without profitsa business fails, butmerely having them doesnot make it a successin the eyes of increasinglypowerful results,achieved in supportof—at least withoutharm to—other objectivesof society, are a farsterner test andone which dominatesthe minds ofbusiness aspects: its theory, doctrine, orphilosophy; its structure, or rela-tionships among its members; andits technology, or the processes,tools, and materials it uses. In thepast, managers have felt they couldtreat each of these as separate func-tions without undue harm, but un-der todays conditions the threeaspects all interact with one an-other. Simply put, a change in oneputs stress on the other two, thesestresses cause change with reactiveeffects on the others, and so on, ina continuous adaptation. If Schon is right, the interven-tions managers make in alteringtheir organizations must take ac-count of all three dimensions simul-taneously. A routinely assigneddivision of labor, with severely par-titioned tasks—which works so wellin a factory-will produce disap-pointment. Many of our present troublescan thus be seen to have their ori-gins in great successes in one di-mension whose propagated stresseswere not matched or allowed for inthe others. Whether in the inter-national monetary sy
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