. Culture methods for invertebrate animals;. Invertebrates -- Cultures and culture media; Invertebrates -- Collection and preservation. 20 Marine Invertebrates ivm flrrH ""fn 1' water may be provided efficiently by hanging a loosely fitted glass tube over the faucet and allowing a fine jet of water to strike the surface with considerable force (Fig. 23). Tiny air bub- bles are carried down the entire length of the glass tubing, the lower end of which almost reaches the bottom, and escape through the water, thereby aerating the fluid. A small but very efficient pump designed by A. E.
. Culture methods for invertebrate animals;. Invertebrates -- Cultures and culture media; Invertebrates -- Collection and preservation. 20 Marine Invertebrates ivm flrrH ""fn 1' water may be provided efficiently by hanging a loosely fitted glass tube over the faucet and allowing a fine jet of water to strike the surface with considerable force (Fig. 23). Tiny air bub- bles are carried down the entire length of the glass tubing, the lower end of which almost reaches the bottom, and escape through the water, thereby aerating the fluid. A small but very efficient pump designed by A. E. Hopkins (1934) may be con- structed easily from a piece of celluloid. The device consists of a small, motor- driven, centrifugal pump enclosed within a chamber from which it draws water (Fig. 24). The rotor (R) is cut from a piece of celluloid y8 inch thick and is mounted on the shaft of y4 inch glass tubing. The pump receives water through the hole (X) in each side and pumps it out through the tube (O). A larger tube (I) leads from the aquarium into the pump chamber to permit continuous replenishment of the water. The pump is entirely water-lubricated and the only for- eign materials used in its construction are celluloid, rubber, and glass. Super saturation. Not all the forms commonly kept in marine aquaria require aeration. As a matter of fact many of them may be in- jured or even killed by injudi- cious aeration. Furthermore, on account of considerable pressure in the seawater pump, water may be supersaturated with air and become decidedly toxic. To avoid injury to the organisms such water must not be delivered directly to the tanks but should be allowed to stand until equilibrium with the atmospheric gases is estab- lished. If the water must be used immediately it should be de-aerated by allowing it to fall on an inclined glass, porcelain, or celluloid plate from which it runs into the aquarium. Fig. means 23.—Aeration by of a jet of Fig. 24.—The pump for circu
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