. Sanitary entomology; the entomology of disease, hygiene and sanitation. n flea to live 125 days, the European rat flea 95 days, the dog flea THE LIFE HISTORY AND CONTROL OF FLEAS 363 58 days, the Indian rat flea 38 days, and the bird or chicken flea (Cera-tophilhis gallinae) 127 days. When fed daily this longevity was greatlyincreased; human flea 513 days, European rat flea 106 days, dog flea234 days, Indian rat flea 100 days, and the bird flea 345 days. Mitzmainfound the European rat flea to live 160 days in California and the groundsquirrel flea (Ceratophyllus acutus) 64 days. In warm weat
. Sanitary entomology; the entomology of disease, hygiene and sanitation. n flea to live 125 days, the European rat flea 95 days, the dog flea THE LIFE HISTORY AND CONTROL OF FLEAS 363 58 days, the Indian rat flea 38 days, and the bird or chicken flea (Cera-tophilhis gallinae) 127 days. When fed daily this longevity was greatlyincreased; human flea 513 days, European rat flea 106 days, dog flea234 days, Indian rat flea 100 days, and the bird flea 345 days. Mitzmainfound the European rat flea to live 160 days in California and the groundsquirrel flea (Ceratophyllus acutus) 64 days. In warm weather thelongevity without food is but a few days. The human flea (Pulex irritans) (figs. QQ, 67) was formerly thoughtto restrict its attention largely to man. Investigators have found, how-ever, that it probably develops normally on the hedgehog and othersstate that it is occasionally found on dogs and cats, especially during thewinter. Our own observations indicate that it is a very common parasiteof hogs; so much so in fact that it might be called the hog flea instead. Fig. 67.—The human flea, Pulex irritans: Adult male. Greatly enlarged. (Bishopp.)From U. S. D. A. Bull. 248, figs. 5, 6. of the human flea. Also that it may be found in considerable numberson dogs at all times of the year even in regions where it is not a pestof importance to man. It has been taken on several species of rats, butin limited numbers. This form appears to be well adapted to a freeexistence, usually leaving the host after partaking of a blood meal andthis habit may tend to make it of greater importance as a disseminatorof disease. It has almost world-wide distribution but its abundance indifferent regions varies greatly. In the United States it is very prev-alent in California and the Southwestern States where it is the principalcause of flea annoyance to man. The dog and cat fleas (Ctenocephalus canis Curtis and Ct. feltsBouche (fig. 65) may be discussed together as their habits appear to bevery
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