. Economic entomology for the farmer and fruit-grower [microform] : and for use as a text-book in agricultural schools and colleges. Beneficial insects. THE INSECT WORLD. !4I inches. Many of the Lepidoptera are useful in pollenizing flowers, some, indeed, depending- entirely upon them for their continued existence, but, on the other hand, the caterpillars, as the larvae are usually called, are among the most troublesome and injurious insects with which the agriculturist has to deal. The transformation in this order is complete, and a greater difference than that between caterpillar and butterf
. Economic entomology for the farmer and fruit-grower [microform] : and for use as a text-book in agricultural schools and colleges. Beneficial insects. THE INSECT WORLD. !4I inches. Many of the Lepidoptera are useful in pollenizing flowers, some, indeed, depending- entirely upon them for their continued existence, but, on the other hand, the caterpillars, as the larvae are usually called, are among the most troublesome and injurious insects with which the agriculturist has to deal. The transformation in this order is complete, and a greater difference than that between caterpillar and butterfly can hardly be imagined ; while in the chrysalis or pupa we have a quiescent period where scarcely even the form of the future insect is indi- cated, and when it is absolutely incapable of motion. Broadly, the order is divided into butterflies and moths, or, more accurately, the Rhopalocera and Heterocera. Rhopaloccra are those in which the antennae^ or feelers, terminate in a more or less distinct knob or club at the tip, and in which at least the front pair of wings are elevated or vertical when at rest, so that the upper surfaces touch. The Heterocera, on the other hand, have feelers, or anten- nae, of many different kinds, but distinctly when the horizontal, Fig. 250. fauna. never m our clubbed. The wings insect is at rest are folded on the back or close to the sides, oblique, roof-like, or spread out flat, but never habitually ver- tical. In general it may be said that the butterflies are on the wing during the day, and fly dur- ing the night only in rare in- stances ; moths, on the other hand, are night flyers, as a rule, though there are many exceptions, and a number of species occur commonly during the day. The butterflies separate readily into groups based on the char- acter of the feet and the situation of the antennae. What may be called for convenience the " true butterflies " are distinguished by having the feelers set close together on the top of the h
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