. Commercial poultry raising; a thoroughly practical and complete reference work for the amateur, fancier or general farmer, especially adapted to the commercial poultryman. Poultry. CLIPPING WINGS WITHOUT DISFIGURATION 469 and high-flying. Nothing is more distressing to the poultry keeper than these four habits once they have become confirmed practices, for then they amount to vices. They usually start through accidents, or from the example set by a chief offender— a ringleader, which should be removed as soon as the trouble is discovered. Then, if the offender cannot be reformed, rather than


. Commercial poultry raising; a thoroughly practical and complete reference work for the amateur, fancier or general farmer, especially adapted to the commercial poultryman. Poultry. CLIPPING WINGS WITHOUT DISFIGURATION 469 and high-flying. Nothing is more distressing to the poultry keeper than these four habits once they have become confirmed practices, for then they amount to vices. They usually start through accidents, or from the example set by a chief offender— a ringleader, which should be removed as soon as the trouble is discovered. Then, if the offender cannot be reformed, rather than return it to the flock, it should be made to pay the death penalty. Usually, these habits can be broken up if taken in time and dealt with accordingly. Flying over the fences is likely to become one of the troubles among the Mediterranean breeds, which is not serious in itself, except that where two or more varieties are kept it is almost certain to result in cross-breeding. And even if one breed of chickens is kept, in all probability the poultryman has mated his pens with a definite purpose, hence he cannot tolerate pro- miscuous changes. For one thing, it may lead to inbreed- ing; and then again it may lead to unpleasant difficulties with one's neighbors—their gardens or flower-beds. Clipping Wings.—It is natural that we should hesitate to clip a fowl's wings, as is customarily done to prevent high-flying, for the usual method is sure to disfigure the bird. Clipping off the flight feathers completely is not necessary, however, and if a little care is taken in cutting, the wings can be deprived of their power in such a manner that the mutilated feathers will not be detected unless the fowl is caught and closely examined. Flight Feathers.—The primaries or flight feathers are the long quill feathers that grow on the first joint of the fowl's wing, and are hidden, or nearly so, when the wing is folded against the. (Courtesy U. S. Dep't Agriculture) Fig. 296.—Commercia


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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookpublishe, booksubjectpoultry