Animal life and intelligence . ke the Arctic hare and fox, which changetheir colour according to the season of the year, beingbrown in summer, white and snowy in winter. The chamse-leon varies in colour according to the hue of its surround-ings through the expansion and contraction of certainpigment-cells; while frogs and cuttle-fish have similar butless striking powers. Mr. E. B. Poultonsf striking andbeautiful experiments show that the colours of caterpillars * Proceedings Liverpool Biological Society, 1S89. t Since this chapter was written, Mr. Poulton has published his interestingand valua
Animal life and intelligence . ke the Arctic hare and fox, which changetheir colour according to the season of the year, beingbrown in summer, white and snowy in winter. The chamse-leon varies in colour according to the hue of its surround-ings through the expansion and contraction of certainpigment-cells; while frogs and cuttle-fish have similar butless striking powers. Mr. E. B. Poultonsf striking andbeautiful experiments show that the colours of caterpillars * Proceedings Liverpool Biological Society, 1S89. t Since this chapter was written, Mr. Poulton has published his interestingand valuable work on The Colours of Animals, from which I have con-trived to insert one or two additional examples. Variation and Natural Selection. and chrysalids reared from the same brood will vary accord-ing to the colour of their surroundings. If this process of protective resemblance be carried far,the general resemblance in hue may pass into specialresemblance to particular objects. The stick-insect and f •K P^X f I • L ~ ^O. Fig. 18.—Caterpillar of a moth (Ennomos tiliaria) on an oak-spray. (Froman exhibit in the British Natural History Museum.) the leaf-insect are familiar illustrations, though no onewho has not seen them in nature can realize the extent ofthe resemblance. Most of us have, at any rate, seen thestick-caterpillars, or loopers (Fig. 18), though, perhaps, few 86 Animal Life and Intelligence. have noticed how wonderful is the protective resemblanceto a twig when the larva is still and motionless, for thevery reason that the resemblance is so marked that theorganism at that time escapes, not only casual observation,but even careful search. Fig. 19 gives a representationof a locust with special protective resemblance to a leaf—not a perfect leaf, but a leaf with fungoid blotches. Thisinsect and the stick-caterpillar maybe seen in the insect;exhibits on the basement at South Kensington, havingbeen figured from them by the kind permission of ProfessorFlower.
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