. After earthquake and fire . p-per. The doors, casings and bases, all the interior finish ofthe offices, together with window-sashes, are covered withsheet copper. The people who have offices in that building,above the sixth floor, have found their papers intact. Thisuse of copper is comparatively recent and the evidence justquoted should do much to encourage the innovation. It is our privilege to publish several special articles dealingwith recent occurrences. That on The Cause and Nature ofEarthquakes is by Mr. G. K. Gilbert, of the United StatesGeological Survey, and a scientific authority
. After earthquake and fire . p-per. The doors, casings and bases, all the interior finish ofthe offices, together with window-sashes, are covered withsheet copper. The people who have offices in that building,above the sixth floor, have found their papers intact. Thisuse of copper is comparatively recent and the evidence justquoted should do much to encourage the innovation. It is our privilege to publish several special articles dealingwith recent occurrences. That on The Cause and Nature ofEarthquakes is by Mr. G. K. Gilbert, of the United StatesGeological Survey, and a scientific authority second to A. O. Leuschner, who describes the seismograph records,is director of the observatory at the University of suggestive article on Some Lessons from the Earthquakeis by Mr. S. B. Christy, professor of mining and metallurgyin the University of California. He needs no introduction toour readers. Finally, we are enabled to publish authoritativedetails concerning the Commission appointed by the Gov-. 12 AFTER EARTHQUAKE AND FIRE. ernor of the State to gather evidence dealing with recentevents, and we give an account of the proceedings at the firsttwo sessions of the Commission. The contributions by ourown staff will also be found interesting. The first shock of the earthquake, as recorded by the Ewingseismograph at the observatory of the University of Califor-nia, occurred at 5:12:38 on Wednesday morning, April earth wave traveled in a direction south-southeast tonorth-northwest. The principal shock came in two move-ments of maximum intensity, and it lasted two minutes. Inviolence, this earthquake far exceeded both that of 1868 and1898. In each case the earth wave traveled in the same gen-eral direction. After the first great shock, several minor oneswere felt. These came at 5 :i3, 5125, 5142, 5 :59, 6 :io, 6:2j, 6:43,6:47, 8:10, 8:15, 11:06 and 12:04. Those that were felt soonafter eight oclock were strong and were accompanied by adistinct rum
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