Ontario High School History of England . as not disturbed by the accession ofGeorge IV. Yet reaction grewweaker. Lord Sidmouth re-tired in 1822, and, in the sameyear, Castlereagh, who had be-come Lord Londonderry,ended a troubled career bysuicide. Two of the friendsof extremes thus disappearedfrom the political field. TheCatholics were crying out forpolitical relief, the massesfor a voice in the nationscouncils, and both demandssteadily gained support. Inforeign affairs, at any rate,the Tories helped liberalmovements in spite of them-selves. They aided, for instance, in preserving the newrepub
Ontario High School History of England . as not disturbed by the accession ofGeorge IV. Yet reaction grewweaker. Lord Sidmouth re-tired in 1822, and, in the sameyear, Castlereagh, who had be-come Lord Londonderry,ended a troubled career bysuicide. Two of the friendsof extremes thus disappearedfrom the political field. TheCatholics were crying out forpolitical relief, the massesfor a voice in the nationscouncils, and both demandssteadily gained support. Inforeign affairs, at any rate,the Tories helped liberalmovements in spite of them-selves. They aided, for instance, in preserving the newrepublics in America. One result of the shattering ofSpains prestige by Napoleon was that she lost her col-onies. By a series of revolutions they became republics,until, at last, Cuba was the only important colony retain-ing the tie with the mother-land. It was certain that,when she could, Spain would try to recover her fall of Napoleon brought the Bourbon, Ferdinand VII,to the throne. His people, however, were discontented, and. OtiuHua IV (17621830) 462 HISTORY OF ENGLAND a revolution in 1820 gave the Spaniards again some realfreedom under a constitution which they had tried for atime in 1812. Revolution in Spain was followed quickly bysimilar changes in Portugal and Italy. Such movementsthe great states of Europe dreaded, as hkely to renew thehorrors of the Napoleonic days, and, under Russias lead, thechief powers had formed, in 1815, the Holy Alliance, toprevent changes that might prove dangerous. The HolyAlliance was used to crush the new constitution in was France that undertook to send an army to restorethe authority of Ferdinand VII; and this was effected in1823. Ferdinand had long desired to recover his lostcolonies in America. For this purpose, Russia had placedat his disposal a fleet in 1817; and now it seemedlikely that he would have Frances support for the sameend. The Monroe Doctrine, 1833.—The prospect alarmed theUnited States. If France gave t
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