. The pruning-book; a monograph of the pruning and training of plants as applied to American conditions. m which the new roots arise is largely deter-mined by the habit of the individual plant. Insome cases, all the roots will spring from the mainshaft or trunk, and in others they seem to arisealmost indiscriminately from the trunk, largeroots and very fine roots. The figures, carefullydrawn, from actual examples of apple trees, illus-trate the point. The root shown in Fig. 155 wastrimmed of all its fine roots when is seen that the new roots start from variousparts of the root
. The pruning-book; a monograph of the pruning and training of plants as applied to American conditions. m which the new roots arise is largely deter-mined by the habit of the individual plant. Insome cases, all the roots will spring from the mainshaft or trunk, and in others they seem to arisealmost indiscriminately from the trunk, largeroots and very fine roots. The figures, carefullydrawn, from actual examples of apple trees, illus-trate the point. The root shown in Fig. 155 wastrimmed of all its fine roots when is seen that the new roots start from variousparts of the root system. The root in Fig. 156had some small, but not very fine, roots left. Thenew roots are starting from near the ends of theseroots, large and small alike. (See also Fig. 161.)In none of these cases do the roots start from thecalluses. The common notion that roots will startdirectly downward if the old roots are cut diago- DO ROOTS FORM FROM THE CALLUS! 235 nally on the under side, so that the callus looksdownwards, is a fallac3^ The direction of theroots, as already said (page 228), is determined. 155. Where the newroots start. 15G. Where the new roots start. by the nature of the plant, the texture of thesoil, and by the water and food supply. Theposition of the callus does not influence a matter of practice, it is generally inad- 236 SOME SPECIFIC ADVICE visable to exercise much care to save the very fineroots when transplanting shrubs and trees, forsuch roots are apt to be killed by short exposureto the weather, and to be injured in shipping andtransplanting ; but the common notion that theyare of no use in a transplanted tree, and thatnew roots do not arise from them, is false. / Within the past few years a so-called systemof close root-pruning has been advocated in thiscountry. It is the result of the experiments andwritings of H. M. Stringfellow, of Texas, andhas come to be known as the Stringfellow orstub-root system. It cuts off practically all theroots, leaving
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