Chambers's encyclopaedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge for the people . tlie Revue Nationale, in which lie advocatedhis peculiar opinions. During the revolution of 1848, he was asupporter of General Cavaignae, and an opponent of 1858, he jiublished La RdpMique Franfaiffi et VItalic en 1848;and in 1859. Otierres de Religion en France. He died 3d March1879. BASTILLE was, in France, a general term for a strong for-tress, defended by towers or bastions (q. v.), and in this sense itwas used in England also after the Norman Conquest. Thefamous prison to which the name latterly wa
Chambers's encyclopaedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge for the people . tlie Revue Nationale, in which lie advocatedhis peculiar opinions. During the revolution of 1848, he was asupporter of General Cavaignae, and an opponent of 1858, he jiublished La RdpMique Franfaiffi et VItalic en 1848;and in 1859. Otierres de Religion en France. He died 3d March1879. BASTILLE was, in France, a general term for a strong for-tress, defended by towers or bastions (q. v.), and in this sense itwas used in England also after the Norman Conquest. Thefamous prison to which the name latterly was a|)propriated, wasoriginally the castle of Paris, and was built by order of Charlesv., between 1370 and 1383, by Hugo Aubriot, Prevot or Provostof Palis, at tlie Porte St. Ancoine, as a defence against the , when it came to be used as a state-prison, it was pro-vided, during the 16tli and 17tli centuries, with vast bulwarks andditches. On each of its longer sides the B. had four towers, ofAve stories each, over which there ran a gallery, which was armed. The Bastille. with cannon. It was partly in these towers, and partly in cellarsunder the level of the ground, that the prisons were situated. Theunfortunate iimates of these abodes were so effectually removedfrom the world without as often to be entirely forgotten, and insome cases it was found impossible to discover eitlier their originor the cause of their incarceration. The B. was capable of con-taining 70 to 80 prisoners, a number frequently readied duringthe reigns of Louis XIV. and Louis XV. Though small comparedto the number which an ordinary jirison contai^is, these numberswere considerable, when we reflect that they rarely consisted ofpersons of the lower ranks, or such as were guilty of actualcrimes, but of those who were sacrificed to political despotism,court intrigue, ecclesiastical tyranny, or liad fallen victims to fam-ily quarrels—and were lodged here in virtue of lettrei de cachet(q. v.)
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