. Anatomy of the woodchuck (Marmota monax). Woodchuck; Mammals. Fig. 2-20. Lumbar vertebra, left lateral view. 1 spinous process, 2 caudal articular facet, 3 accessory process, 4 cau- dal extremity, 5 transverse process, 6 cranial extremity, 7 mamillary process, 8 cranial articular facet. 13T, and a large mammillary process, processus mamillaris (Fig. 2-19), is present between the cra- nial articular and transverse processes of 6-12T. Lumbar Vertebrae. Lumbar vertebrae, ver- tebrae lumbales (Fig. 2-20), are large and robust compared with other vertebrae. They have well-de- veloped spinous proc
. Anatomy of the woodchuck (Marmota monax). Woodchuck; Mammals. Fig. 2-20. Lumbar vertebra, left lateral view. 1 spinous process, 2 caudal articular facet, 3 accessory process, 4 cau- dal extremity, 5 transverse process, 6 cranial extremity, 7 mamillary process, 8 cranial articular facet. 13T, and a large mammillary process, processus mamillaris (Fig. 2-19), is present between the cra- nial articular and transverse processes of 6-12T. Lumbar Vertebrae. Lumbar vertebrae, ver- tebrae lumbales (Fig. 2-20), are large and robust compared with other vertebrae. They have well-de- veloped spinous processes that increase in length from cranial to caudal. The strong transverse pro- cesses incline ventrocranially, and they get larger from cranial to caudal in the series. Accessory and mammillary processes are present on 1-6L. The ar- ticular processes of the lumbar vertebrae are placed sagittally to allow maximum flexion and extension of the vertebral column. Sacral Vertebrae. Sacral vertebrae, four in number, are fused as the sacrum or os sacrale (Figs. 2-21 to 2-23). This compound bone is triangular in shape. The base, basis ossis sacri, is cranial and the apex, apex ossis sacri, is caudal. There are dorsal and pelvic surfaces. The dorsal surface is characterized by fusion of the various processes. In older animals the tips of the spinous processes fuse to form a median sacral crest, crista sacralis mediana (Fig. 2- 21). The transverse processes fuse to form the large lateral part of the sacrum. The lateral part carries the wing, ala sacralis, which is formed by the fused transverse processes of the first two sacral vertebrae. The dorsolateral part of the sacral wing is rough- ened and forms the auricular face, fades auricularis, (Fig. 2-21) which articulates with the wing of the ilium. The articular processes fuse to form an in- termediate crest, crista sacralis intermedia. Due to the extensive fusion of the vertebrae, the three pairs of intervertebral foramina separate int
Size: 1721px × 1451px
Photo credit: © Library Book Collection / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookcollectionbiodiversity, booksponsorbiodi, booksubjectmammals
