A history of the United States for schools . it hightime to enforcethem. But the mostgrievous offense ofMassachusetts, inhis eyes, was the re-fusal to allow Epis-copal churches inthe colony, or to letanybody but Congre-gationalist churchmembers vote orhold office. Now by this timea majority of thegrown men in the colony were not church members, and they did notlike to be governed by a minority. So there grew upa small party opposed to the clergy and inclined to sidewith the king. This was the beginning of the Toryparty in New England, and Joseph Dudley may be con-sidered its founder. The quarr
A history of the United States for schools . it hightime to enforcethem. But the mostgrievous offense ofMassachusetts, inhis eyes, was the re-fusal to allow Epis-copal churches inthe colony, or to letanybody but Congre-gationalist churchmembers vote orhold office. Now by this timea majority of thegrown men in the colony were not church members, and they did notlike to be governed by a minority. So there grew upa small party opposed to the clergy and inclined to sidewith the king. This was the beginning of the Toryparty in New England, and Joseph Dudley may be con-sidered its founder. The quarrel went on, growingmore and more bitter, until 1684, when the x^eannui-king succeeded in annulling the charter of Mas- Ing o^ the ^ ° charter of sachusetts. This destroyed the government Massachu-which had begun in 1629. Before Charles completed his arrangements for a new govern-ment he died, early in 1685, and was succeeded by his 1 After an engraving in Andros Tracts, vol. i., made from a photographof a portrait painted from SIR EDMUND 114 COLONIZATION OF NORTH AMERICA. Ch. VI. James An-dros to govern brother, James II. The new king sent over one of hisfavorite officers, Sir Edmund Andros, to govern ailNew England as a viceroy. As we shall seehereafter, the French in Canada were gettingto be dangerous neighbors, and the Britishgovernment wished to unite all its northerncolonies under a single ruler, so that it mightbe easier to put forth all their military force quickly. So not only all ofNew England, butNew York andNew Jersey, like-wise, were putunder the abso-lute rule of An-dros. He wasdirected to seizethe charters ofConnecticut andRhode Island, butfailed to do he visitedHartford, in 1687,he could not findthe charter; it issaid that CaptainWadsworth hadhidden it in thehollow trunk of a mighty oak-tree, which was alwaysafterward called the Charter Oak. Andros had his headquarters in Boston. He beganbuildi
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