. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 512 DANIEL L. ALKON duced positive phototactic behavior over several days of a storm, then, could on bal- ance have survival value. For Pleurobranchaca (Fig. 7A). another gastropod used as a learning model, a food substance touched the tentacle, paired (or unpaired) with electric shock to the same tentacle and/or the head region (Mpitsos and Collins, 1975). A behav- ioral change was measured when the animals withdrew on subsequent touching with the food substance instead of the pre-training "bite and strike" feedin
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 512 DANIEL L. ALKON duced positive phototactic behavior over several days of a storm, then, could on bal- ance have survival value. For Pleurobranchaca (Fig. 7A). another gastropod used as a learning model, a food substance touched the tentacle, paired (or unpaired) with electric shock to the same tentacle and/or the head region (Mpitsos and Collins, 1975). A behav- ioral change was measured when the animals withdrew on subsequent touching with the food substance instead of the pre-training "bite and strike" feeding be- havior. This behavioral change was assessed by repeated touching of the tentacle until withdrawal or feeding was elicited. More animals withdrew from the food following pairing with electric shock than following an unpaired training regimen. Gelperin found that the terrestrial slug Lima* maxim us (Fig. 7B) will avoid food substances after paired presentations with COo poisoning (Gelperin, 1975). Within the last year, Walters ct al. (1979) paired chemical stimulus presentations with elec- tric shocks to the head region of Aplysia californica. Aplysia responses to test shocks across the tail were modified by paired but not by unpaired stimulus presentations. These unpaired stimulus presentations control only to a limited extent for non- associative behavioral changes of Pleurobranchaea and Aplysia. There is a fixed tem- poral relationship or "association" of stimuli even with these unpaired paradigms. A more unequivocal control (Rescorla, 1967), in which food presentation has no fixed temporal relationship to shock, would clearly demonstrate the associative nature of this behavioral change. This is not entirely possible for the Pleurobranchaea, Limax, or Aplysia models, since only a few stimuli are presented over several hours during a training session. Range of variation in the temporal relationships among stimulus presentations adequate to approximate their rand
Size: 1826px × 1368px
Photo credit: © Library Book Collection / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
