Engineering and Contracting . on pipe line would have held without rupture and with-out material leakage, owing to the flexibility of the joints sure. However, on this basis at 30 lb. the leakage inSan Francisco should be \ 30/140 — .46 times its pres-ent value. In March, 1916, the leakage in the San Fran-cisco System was 78,495 gal. per , which as above at30 lb. would be about 36,000 gal. per day or per cent 42 of that in New York, and assuming 20 per cent increasedlength of joints for New York gives a leakage per jointof per cent of New York. This shows that in the design of syst
Engineering and Contracting . on pipe line would have held without rupture and with-out material leakage, owing to the flexibility of the joints sure. However, on this basis at 30 lb. the leakage inSan Francisco should be \ 30/140 — .46 times its pres-ent value. In March, 1916, the leakage in the San Fran-cisco System was 78,495 gal. per , which as above at30 lb. would be about 36,000 gal. per day or per cent 42 of that in New York, and assuming 20 per cent increasedlength of joints for New York gives a leakage per jointof per cent of New York. This shows that in the design of systems the pipe jointefficiency is a very important consideration, and a highefficiency type of joint is justified at a greater initialexpenditure. Another way of regarding this is that eachjoint in the New York system on the above basis willcost over 80 ct. more per year than in the San Franciscosystem. The San Francisco High Pressure System was com-pleted under the supervision of Mr. M. M. OShaughnessy, ^JJJIJJX-L- lot aviai. Fig. 5—Detail of Double Balanced Joint, San Francisco PipeJoint Tests. the present City Engineer. The system was commencedunder the supervision of Mr. H. De H. Connick, ChiefAssistant City Engineer, and Mr. T. W. Ransom, Con-sulting Mechanical Engineer, under Mr. Marsden Man-son, City Engineer, the writer being engineer in chargeof the design of the pipe system. Joints and Tests.—Many different types of joints weretested for leakage, strength, deflection, etc., to deter-mine their actual characteristics. The first series oftests consisted of expulsion tests to determine the jointstrength, and the point at which leakage would com-mence. For this purpose a short plug and bell were used,the latter having a blank end. The outside diameter ofthe plug was 9V2 in., corresponding approximately to an8-in. pipe joint. The total joint length was 41/2 in. Asmall hole admitted water to the interior. Record waskept of the total longitudinal motion of the plug cause
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