. Operative surgery, for students and practitioners . hat it is fixed within the abdomen, and this factwill serve to identify it positively. The ileum, which is the continuation of the jejunum, consti-tutes three-fifths of the length of the small intestine. It becomesprogressively smaller in caliber and thinner as we trace it toward itstermination at the caecum, where its wall is thinnest and its calibernarrowest. The jejunum and ileum are suspended free in the abdominalcavity arranged coil upon coil, and are provided with a completeperitoneal envelope and a long mesentery by which they are at
. Operative surgery, for students and practitioners . hat it is fixed within the abdomen, and this factwill serve to identify it positively. The ileum, which is the continuation of the jejunum, consti-tutes three-fifths of the length of the small intestine. It becomesprogressively smaller in caliber and thinner as we trace it toward itstermination at the caecum, where its wall is thinnest and its calibernarrowest. The jejunum and ileum are suspended free in the abdominalcavity arranged coil upon coil, and are provided with a completeperitoneal envelope and a long mesentery by which they are attachedto the vertebral column in the back of the abdomen. The Mesentery is a reflection of peritoneum containing someunstriped muscular fiber, fat, etc.; it serves to suspend the gut inthe abdomen and at the same time supports the blood-vessels, lym-phatics, nerves, etc., in their course to and from the small intestine. z?^ ^^^^^& ^^^B ^l||| -- Fig. 122.—Section of Intestine and its Mesentery to show Separation of itsLayers and the Dead Fig. 123.— Blood-supply of Small Intestine. Absence of free anastomosisbetween the ultimate vessels may be noted. SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE SMALL INTESTINE. 2S7 The mesentery is fan-shaped. The distal border is very long,corresponding to the whole length of the small intestine, to whichit is attached; the proximal border is short and is fixed to the ante-rior surface of the vertebral column, reaching from the left side ofthe second lumbar vertebra, where the duodenum ends and the jeju-num commences, downward, to the right side of the fifth lumbarvertebra; its line of attachment is thus oblique from the left side,above, downward and to the right. The vertebral edge of the mesen-tery is but six inches long, whereas the distal, intestinal edge is abouttwenty feet long, and in order to accommodate these two borders toeach other the intestinal end of the mesentery is folded and foldedupon itself, making a series of plaits. Where the two lay
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