. New France and New England. nightthe little colony was aroused from its slumbers, and manya heart quaked with fear as the announcement was madeof the detection of the plot and the arrest of the long rays of the morning sun revealed the severed headof the locksmith Duval adorning the wooden gateway of thecourtyard ; his three accomplices were sent to France to workin the galleys ; and a proclamation of pardon without furtherinquiry put everybody else at his ease. Treason and assas-sination had suddenly become unpopular. A terrible winter followed. When Pontgrave set sail forFr
. New France and New England. nightthe little colony was aroused from its slumbers, and manya heart quaked with fear as the announcement was madeof the detection of the plot and the arrest of the long rays of the morning sun revealed the severed headof the locksmith Duval adorning the wooden gateway of thecourtyard ; his three accomplices were sent to France to workin the galleys ; and a proclamation of pardon without furtherinquiry put everybody else at his ease. Treason and assas-sination had suddenly become unpopular. A terrible winter followed. When Pontgrave set sail forFrance in September with a magnificent cargo of The first winter at furs he left Champlain at Quebec with twenty-eight men. At the end of May only nine of thesewere left alive. At last the good Pontgrave appeared withreinforcements and supplies, and it was arranged that heshould carry on his trading at Quebec while Champlainshould explore the country. This was a task the meaning THE BEGINNINGS OF QUEBEC 57 THE FORT AND BUILDINGS AT QUEBEC, l6oS of which was to be learned only through harsh experience,but it was obvious from the first that it would involve pene-trating the forest to a great and unknown distance from anypossible civilized base of operations. It was work of im-mense difficulty. To carry on such work with an army hadwell-nigh overtaxed the genius of such commanders as Sotoand Coronado, with the treasury of the Indies to back Champlain, without any such resources, different meth-ods must be sought. He must venture into the Friendshipwilderness with a handful of followers and as lit- Indians^tiietie encumbrance as possible of any sort. There ™ces°fui°^seemed to be but one feasible way of approaching explorationthis problem, and this was to cultivate the friendship of suchnative tribes as might be most serviceable to him on hislong routes. By assimilating these expeditions to journeysthrough a friendly country the risks might be greatl
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