. Lateral curvature of the spine and round shoulders . Uhess.) Fig. So.—Shoulder Pushing (SchuUliess.) period persists until the next one. If such improvement isnot held between exercises it must be assumed—(i) that the exercisesare not good ones; (2) that they are not properly carried out; (3) thatthe amount of treatment is insufficient, or (4) that the case is toosevere for purely gymnastic treatment. Progressive improvement mustbe assumed as the criterion of efficient gymnastic treatment, and itmust be recognized that, on the whole, gymnastic treatment by itself is GYMN


. Lateral curvature of the spine and round shoulders . Uhess.) Fig. So.—Shoulder Pushing (SchuUliess.) period persists until the next one. If such improvement isnot held between exercises it must be assumed—(i) that the exercisesare not good ones; (2) that they are not properly carried out; (3) thatthe amount of treatment is insufficient, or (4) that the case is toosevere for purely gymnastic treatment. Progressive improvement mustbe assumed as the criterion of efficient gymnastic treatment, and itmust be recognized that, on the whole, gymnastic treatment by itself is GYMNASTICS IN APPARATUS. 123 not satisfactory in scoliosis -characterized by any marked degree of bonydeformity. The treatment by gymnastics alone may be supplemented (a) bythe use of jackets, braces, or corsets, or (h) by the use of intermittentpassive stretching, or (c) by both. If the case is too severe for gym-nastics, (d) forcible correction followed by gymnastics and corsets isthe proper treatment. The use (e) of braces and corsets alone is not. Fig. 81.—HiP-PENDULCM and Shoulder-raising Apparatus.—{Schulthess.) to be considered a treatment for lateral curvature. Gymnastic treat-ment may be given with or without apparatus. Gymnastics Given in Apparatus.—By means of apparatus gym-nastic exercises can be very much more correctly localized, and thework of loosening the spine and of strengthening the desired musclescan go hand in hand. This method, which is in general use in Europe,has never found a foothold in this country on account of the compli-cated and expensive apparatus. The system of apparatus devised by Schulthess and its modifica- 124 TREATMENT. tions and the apparatus of Zander are the best examples of the aim of this method of treatment, as stated by Schulthess, is tocorrect, and in the corrected position to allow exercises to be done, orthrough the movements carried out in the apparatus to shape o^•er thebody from the pathological to the correct


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