. Chambers's encyclopedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge for the people. the greater part of the lOtii c, they wereruled by independent Scandinavian jarls (earls),but in 1098 they became formally sul)juct to theNorwegian crown. Thus they remained till 1168,when they were given to James 111. of Scotland security for the dowry of his wife, Margaretof Denmark. The islanils were never redeemedfrom this pledge; and in 1590, on the marriage ofJames 1. with the Danish Princess Anne, Denmarkformally resigneil all pretensions to the sovereigntyof the Orkneys. During their long co
. Chambers's encyclopedia; a dictionary of universal knowledge for the people. the greater part of the lOtii c, they wereruled by independent Scandinavian jarls (earls),but in 1098 they became formally sul)juct to theNorwegian crown. Thus they remained till 1168,when they were given to James 111. of Scotland security for the dowry of his wife, Margaretof Denmark. The islanils were never redeemedfrom this pledge; and in 1590, on the marriage ofJames 1. with the Danish Princess Anne, Denmarkformally resigneil all pretensions to the sovereigntyof the Orkneys. During their long connection,however, witii Norway and Denmark, .-ill traces ofthe primitive Celtic population disa])peared, and thepresent inhabitants are of the pure Scandinavian stock. in ORLE—ORLEANS. ORLE, in Heraldry, one of the charges knownunder the charge of sub-ordinaries, said to be thediminutive of a Bordure (q. v.), but differing fromit in being detached from the sides of the may be the sole charge in a shield. Or, an orlegules was the coat borne by John BalioL An orle. Orle. of heraldic charges of any kind denotes a certainnumber (generally eight) of these charges placed inorle, as in the coat of the old Scottish family ofGladstanes of that Ilk ; argent, a savages headcoujted, distilling drops of blood proper, thereon abonnet composed of bay and holly leaves all proper,within an orle of eight martlets sable. ORLEANS, an important commercial town ofFrance, capital of the de^jartment of Loiret, andformerly capital of the old province of Orleannais,which now forms the greater part of the de])art-ments of Loiret, Eure-et-Loir, and Loir-et-Oher,is situated on the right bank of the Loire, herecrossed by a bridge of 9 arches, and is 754 milessouth-south-west of Paris by railway. Close to thecity is the Forest of 0., one of the largest in thecountry, consisting of 94,000 acres, ])lanted with oakand other valuable trees. 0. stands on the verge ofa magnificent plain sloping toward
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