. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. 8 BULLETIN 658, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. ease an estimator wished to give a full estimate of a stand of white- bark pine {Pinvs albicaulis Engelm.) growing upon a flat ridge. The trees of this stand upon closer examination were found to be almost universally heart-rotted with Polyporus schweinitzii'ior a distance of 5 to 12 feet up from the base. The trees were fairly large and if sound would have made excellent stull material, the chief product in the Big Hole Basin region of Montana. Giving a full estimate to
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. 8 BULLETIN 658, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. ease an estimator wished to give a full estimate of a stand of white- bark pine {Pinvs albicaulis Engelm.) growing upon a flat ridge. The trees of this stand upon closer examination were found to be almost universally heart-rotted with Polyporus schweinitzii'ior a distance of 5 to 12 feet up from the base. The trees were fairly large and if sound would have made excellent stull material, the chief product in the Big Hole Basin region of Montana. Giving a full estimate to these trees would have meant a serious overestimation of the stand, since it was finally estimated that about 40 to 50 per .cent by volume was cull due to the heart-rot. Fruiting bodies of the causal fungus almost hidden in the de- bris at the base of the trees gave the determin- ing clue, and soundings upon the trunk followed by notching completed the determination. There has always been a serious need for some method by which a fairly accurate estimate can be made of the rate of decay of a stand of timber. Good results as to the probable cull percentage to be expected from rot upon a certain stand have been secured by expert and experienced cruisers and appraisers. Timber sur- veys have in most cases placed the estimates of sound timber within a rea- sonable limit of error; but evidently no attempt has ever been made to secure a more accurate result in respect to the cull in a stand due to rot other than those results secured by ocular estimates. Occasionally in the administra- tion of ^National Forests the question arises concerning the probable rate of increase in rot per annum in a certain stand of timber. The resultant decision as to the time of disposal of the timber hanging in the balance depends upon the amount of accurate knowledge and the data at hand regarding the decay in the trees. If proper and sufficient data are secured, these will furnish the total volume and
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