. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture. ,„ BULLETIN No. 435 S^^'^U Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology. L. O. HOWARD, S^JS^'T^U Washington, D. C. November 25, 1916 THE APPLE LEAF-SEWER. By B. R. Leach, Scientific Assistant, Deciduous Fruit Insect Investigations. CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 1 History 2 Distribution 2 Feeding habits and character of injury 2 Description of sta:;;es 4 Spring pupation of wintering larvae 6 Emergence of motlis 7 Oviposition of moths 8 Length of life of moths 8 Page. Habits of moths 9 Incubation of eggs 9 Larval feeding period
. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture. Agriculture. ,„ BULLETIN No. 435 S^^'^U Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology. L. O. HOWARD, S^JS^'T^U Washington, D. C. November 25, 1916 THE APPLE LEAF-SEWER. By B. R. Leach, Scientific Assistant, Deciduous Fruit Insect Investigations. CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 1 History 2 Distribution 2 Feeding habits and character of injury 2 Description of sta:;;es 4 Spring pupation of wintering larvae 6 Emergence of motlis 7 Oviposition of moths 8 Length of life of moths 8 Page. Habits of moths 9 Incubation of eggs 9 Larval feeding period 10 Hibernation 10 Natin-al enemies U Remedial measures 11 Siunmary 12 Bibliography 13 INTRODUCTION. In the summer of 1914, whilo engaged in deciduous-fruit insect investigations at Wmchester, Va., the writer's attention was attracted by the common occurrence of the apple leaf-sewer, Ancylis nuheculana Clemens, sometimes termed the apple leaf-folder, upon apple foHage. Although injury to apple foHage by the larva of this insect was recorded by K-iley as early as 1877, very Uttle concerning it has been published since. This apparent lack of attention may be attributed to the fact that although common and widely distributed, it has occurred so far only at infrequent intervals in suincientiy large num- bers to cause serious damage and attract special notice to it, as an economic pest. The feeding habits of the larva, while interesting when contrasted with those of other leaf-inhabiting species, are such as, under certain conditions, render the insect capable of considerable damage to the fohage of the apple, especially in young orchards receiving indifferent care. At the suggestion and under the direction of Dr. A. L, Quain- tance, of the Bureau of Entomology, the study of the biology of this insect was made in the summer of 1914 and 1915. Note.—This bulletin wiU be found of value to apple growers in the North and Central Atlantic States, the Middle West, and portions of Canada
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