. Elementary entomology . FIG. 286. The cigar case-bearer. (Much enlarged) «, female moth : /', side view of pupa ; <r, larva; d, egg ; e, wing venation ; /, upper view of cigar-shaped case with three-lobed opening at tip ; g, side view of same ; /i, the case as it appears in the spring; /, the fall and winter case. (After Hammar, United States Depart- ment of Agriculture) leaves, in which they pupate and transform the next summer. A well-known example is the apple-leaf trumpet miner (TiscJierra malifoliclla}, whose brown, trumpet-shaped mines are common in apple leaves and often cause con-

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. Elementary entomology . FIG. 286. The cigar case-bearer. (Much enlarged) «, female moth : /', side view of pupa ; <r, larva; d, egg ; e, wing venation ; /, upper view of cigar-shaped case with three-lobed opening at tip ; g, side view of same ; /i, the case as it appears in the spring; /, the fall and winter case. (After Hammar, United States Depart- ment of Agriculture) leaves, in which they pupate and transform the next summer. A well-known example is the apple-leaf trumpet miner (TiscJierra malifoliclla}, whose brown, trumpet-shaped mines are common in apple leaves and often cause con- siderable damage. Some of the cat- erpillars of this family make little cases of silk, in which they reside and which are carried over the abdomen as they feed on the foli- age, much like the shell of a snail. Common examples are the pistol-case bearer and the cigar- case bearer, which are common on apple foliage and are so named

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