. The elements of materia medica and therapeutics (Volume 2) . part by opium, and to obviate the inflamma-tion by blood-letting and the warm bath. If the circulation fail, ammonia andbrandy will be required. 5. JANIPHA MANIHOT, Kunth, E.—THE CASSAVA OR TAPIOCA PLANT. Jatropha Manihot, Linn. Sex. Syst. Monrecia, Monadelphia. (Fecula of the root; Tapioca, E.) (U. S.) History.—Tapioca (Tipioca) is mentioned by Piso (Hist. Nat. BrazilicB, ) in 1649. The terms Janipha and Manihot are Indian appellations. Botany. Gen. ciiar.—Flowers monoecious. Calyx campanulate, none. Stame
. The elements of materia medica and therapeutics (Volume 2) . part by opium, and to obviate the inflamma-tion by blood-letting and the warm bath. If the circulation fail, ammonia andbrandy will be required. 5. JANIPHA MANIHOT, Kunth, E.—THE CASSAVA OR TAPIOCA PLANT. Jatropha Manihot, Linn. Sex. Syst. Monrecia, Monadelphia. (Fecula of the root; Tapioca, E.) (U. S.) History.—Tapioca (Tipioca) is mentioned by Piso (Hist. Nat. BrazilicB, ) in 1649. The terms Janipha and Manihot are Indian appellations. Botany. Gen. ciiar.—Flowers monoecious. Calyx campanulate, none. Stamens ten; filaments unequal, distinct, arranged around a one. Stigmas three, consolidated into a rugose mass (A. de Jussieu). —Leaves palmate, five to seven-parted, smooth, glaucous beneath;segments lanceolate, quite entire. Flowers racemose (Hooker). (Bot. Mag. ) — Root large, thick, tuberous, fleshy, and white; containing an acrid,milky, highly poisonous juice. Flowers axillary. THE CASSAVA OR TAPIOCA TLANT. 239 Fig. Janipha Manihot. Fig. 189. Hab.—Brazil. Extraction.—The tuberous root consists princi-pally of starch and a white, milky, poisonous is rasped and pressed to separate the juice, whichdeposits a fecula; this, when washed, and dried inthe air without heat, is termed Moussache (frommouchaco, a Spanish word, signifying boy or lad), orCip/pa, and for some years past has been importedinto France from Martinique, and sold as arrow-root.(Guibourt, Hist, des Drog. t. ii. p. 466, 3m« ed.) Ibelieve it to be identical with the Brazilian Arrow-root of English commerce. When this fecula hasbeen prepared by drying on hot plates, it acquires agranular character, and is then termed Tapioca. The compressed pulp is dried in chimneys, ex-posed to the smoke, and afterwards powdered. Inthis state it constitutes Cassava powder, or Farine de Manioc. If it be granu-lated by agitating it in a heated iron pan until incipient tumefaction
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