. A manual of botany. Botany. BRTOPHYTA-MUSCI 113 Class V.—MUSCI (MOSSES). In the group of the true mosses a still further advance, espe- cially in the direction of anatomical differentiation, is seen. The gametophyte is always foliose, and bears rhizoids instead of simple root hairs. The sporogonium escapes from the calyptra before the spores are mature; it never contains elaters, and always possesses a well-defined columella. The plants are of small size, and grow upon the earth, rocks, trees, or old walls; some are saprophytic, growing on decaying wood, &c. A few are aquatic. Fig.
. A manual of botany. Botany. BRTOPHYTA-MUSCI 113 Class V.—MUSCI (MOSSES). In the group of the true mosses a still further advance, espe- cially in the direction of anatomical differentiation, is seen. The gametophyte is always foliose, and bears rhizoids instead of simple root hairs. The sporogonium escapes from the calyptra before the spores are mature; it never contains elaters, and always possesses a well-defined columella. The plants are of small size, and grow upon the earth, rocks, trees, or old walls; some are saprophytic, growing on decaying wood, &c. A few are aquatic. Fig. Fig. 870. Protonema of Moss. A. Early stages of germination of spore. B. Developed protonema on whioli young bud, k w, is formed, which will give rise to the moss plant. After Sachs. The protonema is in most cases a filamentous structure, copiously branched. The septa are usually arranged obliquely across the filament. Generally part of it ramifies below the surface of the soil and is colourless, while the remainder con- tains ohloroplastids. Each filament grows by segmentation of a single terminal or apical cell. The shoot is rarely dorsiventral as in the Liverworts. It grows by means of an apical cell, which is usually three-sided, and gives rise by its segmentation to three rows of leaves. It is frequently branched, the branches arising not in the axils of the leaves, as in the Phanerogams, but either beside or below them. VOL. II. I. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Green, J. Reynolds (Joseph Reynolds), 1848-1914. London, J. & A. Churchill
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