. Appendix to the Manual of Mollusca of Woodward, : containing such recent and fossil shells as are not mentioned in the second edition of that work . and Lycett, 1850. Etymology, diminutive of Cerithium. Synonym, Tubifer (pars), Piette, 1856. Type, Ceritella acuta, Mor. and Lye. Shell turreted, subulate, spire acute ; whorls flat, marginsusually sulcated; last whorl large; aperture elongated andnarrow; canal short; columella smooth, rounded, and slightlyreflected at the base; outer lip thin. Fossil, 17 species. Middle Jurassic strata. England, Erance. Brachytrema, Morris and Lycet
. Appendix to the Manual of Mollusca of Woodward, : containing such recent and fossil shells as are not mentioned in the second edition of that work . and Lycett, 1850. Etymology, diminutive of Cerithium. Synonym, Tubifer (pars), Piette, 1856. Type, Ceritella acuta, Mor. and Lye. Shell turreted, subulate, spire acute ; whorls flat, marginsusually sulcated; last whorl large; aperture elongated andnarrow; canal short; columella smooth, rounded, and slightlyreflected at the base; outer lip thin. Fossil, 17 species. Middle Jurassic strata. England, Erance. Brachytrema, Morris and Lycett, 1850. Etymology, brachyos, short, and tremos, a cut. Examples, B. Buvignieri, Mor. and Lye,E. Wrightii, Cotteau (Fig. 13). Shell small, turreted, turbinated; whorls eithercostated, nodulated, or cancellated; the last whorllarge and ventricose; columella smooth, rounded,twisted near its base, and reflecting outwards,forming a short, oblique canal ; aperturemoderately subovate, its length being usuallyless than that of the spire. Some species, as B. varicosa and B. pygmcea,acquired at certain arrests of growth thickenedouter lips or varices, as in MANUAL OF THE MOLLUSCA. Fossil, 16 species. The greater number belong to the GreatOolite, others occur in the Kelloway Eock. England, France. Mesostoma, Deshayes, 1864. Example, M. grata, Dh. Shell elongated, turreted, scalariform; aperture nearly cir-cular, dilated, obliquely cut, terminating in front by a semi-canaliculated angle ; columella slightly concave, cylindrical,obliquely truncated, lip simple, and slightly expanded. Fossil, 4 species. Eocene. Paris basin. [Family Aporrhaid^;, Gray, 1856,] Includes the genera Aporrhais (see p. 244), Pterodonta,Struthiolaria (p. 246), and Halia; also Alaria, Morris and Lycett, 1854. Synonym, Tessarolax, Gabb, 1864. Etymology, ala, a wing. Examples, Alaria trifida, Phillips, sp.; A. cingulata, Pictetand Eoux, sp. Shell turreted, fusiform, terminating anteriorly by a canal;wing digit
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